Table 1. Leptospira strains used in the present study and results of the real time PCR assays using the species-specific probes and flanking primers.
Species | Serogroup | Serovar | Strain | Source1 | Set 12 | Set 23 | Set 34 | Set 45 | Set 56 |
L. interrogans | Australis | Muenchen | München C 90 | KIT | + | + | - | - | - |
Australis | Australis | Ballico | KIT | + | + | - | - | - | |
Australis | Bratislava | Jez Bratislava | INIAV | + | + | - | - | - | |
Autumnalis | Autumnalis | Akiyami A | INIAV | + | + | - | - | - | |
Bataviae | Bataviae | Van Tienem | INIAV | + | + | - | - | - | |
Canicola | Canicola | Hond Utrecht IV | INIAV | + | + | - | - | - | |
Djasiman | Djasiman | Djasiman | KIT | + | + | - | - | - | |
Hebdomadis | Hebdomadis | Hebdomadis | KIT | + | + | - | - | - | |
Hebdomadis | Kremastos | Kremastos | KIT | + | + | - | - | - | |
Icterohaemorrhagiae | Birkini | Birkin | KIT | + | + | - | - | - | |
Icterohaemorrhagiae | Copenhageni | M20 | INIAV | + | + | - | - | - | |
Icterohaemorrhagiae | Icterohaemorrhagiae | RGA | INIAV | + | + | - | - | - | |
Icterohaemorrhagiae | Lai | Lai | KIT | + | + | - | - | - | |
Pomona | Pomona | Pomona | INIAV | + | + | - | - | - | |
Pyrogenes | Pyrogenes | Salinem | INIAV | + | + | - | - | - | |
Sejroe | Hardjo type Prajitno | Hardjoprajitno | IHMT | + | + | - | - | - | |
L. borgpetersenii | Ballum | Ballum | Mus 127 | INIAV | + | - | + | - | - |
Ballum | Castellonis | Castellon 3 | KIT | + | - | + | - | - | |
Hebdomadis | Jules | Jules | KIT | + | - | + | - | - | |
Hebdomadis | Worsfoldi | Worsfold | KIT | + | - | + | - | - | |
Javanica | Ceylonica | Piyasena | KIT | + | - | + | - | - | |
Javanica | Poi | Poi | INIAV | + | - | + | - | - | |
Javanica | Zhenkang | L 82 | KIT | + | - | + | - | - | |
Mini | Mini | Sari | IHMT | + | - | + | - | - | |
Pyrogenes | Kwale | Julu | KIT | + | - | + | - | - | |
Sejroe | Hardjo type bovis | Sponselee | KIT | + | - | + | - | - | |
Sejroe | Hardjo type bovis | L550 | KIT | + | - | + | - | - | |
Sejroe | Hardjo type bovis | JB197 | KIT | + | - | + | - | - | |
Sejroe | Nyanza | Kibos | KIT | + | - | + | - | - | |
Sejroe | Sejroe | M84 | KIT | + | - | + | - | - | |
Tarassovi | Kisuba | Kisuba | KIT | + | - | + | - | - | |
Tarassovi | Tarassovi | Mitis Johnson | INIAV | + | - | + | - | - | |
L. kirschneri | Australis | Ramisi | Musa | KIT | + | - | - | + | - |
Autumnalis | Bulgarica | Nicolaevo | KIT | + | - | - | + | - | |
Autumnalis | Butembo | Butembo | KIT | + | - | - | + | - | |
Cynopteri | Cynopteri | 3522C | IHMT | + | - | - | + | - | |
Grippotyphosa | Grippotyphosa type Moskva | Moskva V | IHMT | + | - | - | + | - | |
Grippotyphosa | Ratnapura | Wumalasena | KIT | + | - | - | + | - | |
Grippotyphosa | Vanderhoedeni | Kipod 179 | KIT | + | - | - | + | - | |
Icterohaemorrhagiae | Bogvere | LT 60-69 | KIT | + | - | - | + | - | |
Pomona | Mozdok | 5621 | KIT | + | - | - | + | - | |
Pomona | Mozdok | Portugal 1990 | INIAV | + | - | - | + | - | |
Pomona | Tsaratsovo | B 81/7 | KIT | + | - | - | + | - | |
L. noguchii | Australis | Nicaragua | 1011 | KIT | + | - | - | - | + |
Autumnalis | Fortbragg | Fort Bragg | KIT | + | - | - | - | + | |
Bataviae | Argentiniensis | Peludo | KIT | + | - | - | - | + | |
Djasiman | Huallaga | M 7 | KIT | + | - | - | - | + | |
Louisiana | Louisiana | LSU 1945 | KIT | + | - | - | - | + | |
Panama | Panama | CZ 214 | INIAV | + | - | - | - | + | |
Pomona | Proechimys | 1161 U | KIT | + | - | - | - | + | |
Pyrogenes | Myocastoris | LSU 1551 | KIT | + | - | - | - | + | |
Shermani | Carimagua | 9160 | KIT | + | - | - | - | + | |
L. santarosai | Ballum | Peru | MW 10 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - |
Bataviae | Balboa | 735 U | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Bataviae | Kobbe | CZ 320 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Grippotyphosa | Canalzonae | CZ 188 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Hebdomadis | Borincana | HS 622 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Hebdomadis | Maru | CZ 285 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Javanica | Fluminense | Aa 3 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Mini | Beye | 1537 U | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Sarmin | Rio | Rr 5 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Sejroe | Guaricura | Bov.G. | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Shermani | Babudieri | CI 40 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Shermani | Shermani | 1342 K | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Tarassovi | Atchafalaya | LSU 1013 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
L. weilii | Celledoni | Celledoni | Celledoni | INIAV | + | - | - | - | - |
Celledoni | Mengding | M 6906 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Javanica | Coxi | Cox | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Javanica | Mengma | S 590 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Javanica | Mengrun | A 102 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Mini | Hekou | H 27 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Pyrogenes | Menglian | S 621 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Sarmin | Sarmin | Sarmin | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Tarassovi | Topaz | 94-79970/3 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
Tarassovi | Vughia | LT 89-68 | KIT | + | - | - | - | - | |
L. alexanderi | Hebdomadis | Manzhuang | A 23 | KIT | nd | - | - | - | - |
Javanica | Mengla | A 85 | KIT | nd | - | - | - | - | |
Manhao | Manhao 3 | L 60 | KIT | nd | - | - | - | - | |
Mini | Yunnan | A 10 | KIT | nd | - | - | - | - | |
L. meyeri | Ranarum | Ranarum | ICF | KIT | nd | - | - | - | - |
Semaranga | Semaranga | Veldrat Semaranga 173 | KIT | nd | - | - | - | - | |
L. inadai | Manhao | Lincang | L 14 | KIT | nd | - | - | - | - |
L.fainei | Hurstbridge | Hurstbridge | BUT 6T | KIT | nd | - | - | - | - |
L.biflexa | Andaman | Andamana | CH 11 | KIT | - | - | - | - | - |
Semaranga | Patoc | Patoc I | KIT | - | - | - | - | - |
INIAV - Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Lisbon, Portugal. IHMT - Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisbon, Portugal. KIT - Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
Set 1 targets the lipL32 gene of pathogenic Leptospira spp.;
Set 2 targets the secY gene of L. interrogans;
Set 3 targets the ompL1 gene of L. borgpetersenii;
Set 4 targets the secY gene of L. kirschneri;
Set 5 targets the secY gene of L. noguchii; nd - not done; Amplification (+) or no amplification (−).