Table 5. Main cause of first hospitalization and surgery.
| MPE group | Non-MPE group | |
| Cause of first hospitalization, n | ||
| Renal-related disease | 12 (5.17%) | 26 (12.21%) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 43 (18.53%) | 63 (29.58%) |
| Vascular access infection | 9 (3.88%) | 11 (5.16%) |
| Acute pulmonary edema | 3 (1.29%) | 4 (1.88%) |
| Other | 21 (9.05%) | 23 (10.8%) |
| No hospitalization | 144 (62.07%) | 86 (40.38%) |
| Cause of first surgery, n | ||
| Hickman catheter related | 25 (10.78%) | 36 (16.9%) |
| Arteriovenous fistula/graft related | 24 (10.34%) | 39 (18.31%) |
| Limb amputation | 2 (0.86%) | 3 (1.41%) |
| Hemothorax/pneumothorax | 1 (0.43%) | 6 (2.82%) |
| Other | 15 (6.47%) | 4 (1.88%) |
| No surgery | 165 (71.12%) | 125 (58.69%) |
Cardiovascular disease includes uncontrolled hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, and peripheral artery occlusive disease.