Table 1.
Overview of the genetic parameters at each sampling locality
| Country | Sampling locality | Fig 1 ID | Area (km 2 ) | N TOT | N | N a | P a | A r | H O (SD) | H E (SD) | F is | N cluster affiliation% | C cluster affiliation% | S cluster affiliation% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Africa | Kruger | 1 | 19,485 | 40 920 [32] | 26 | 99 | 0 | 1.636 | 0.659 (0.204) | 0.671 (0.203) | 0.012 | 0 | 96.2 | 3.8 |
| South Africa | Hluhluwe-iMfolozi | 2 | 960 | 4 000 [21] | 20 | 53 | 2 | 1.545 | 0.536 (0.250) | 0.533 (0.226) | 0.001 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Mozambique | Niassa | 3 | 42,300 | 6 200 [33] | 20 | 100 | 2 | 1.650 | 0.663 (0.180) | 0.680 (0.226) | −0.012 | 95 | 5 | 0 |
| Mozambique | Limpopo | 4 | 11,230 | 200 [34] | 6 | 57 | 0 | 1.653 | 0.617 (0.246) | 0.653 (0.239) | 0.069 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| Mozambique | Manguana | 5 | - | - | 4 | 51 | 0 | 1.634 | 0.649 (0.282) | 0.634 (0.234) | −0.021 | 25 | 75 | 0 |
| Mozambique | Gorongosa | 6 | 4000 | 360 (C. Pereira, Pers. Comm. - 2010) | 7 | 61 | 0 | 1.671 | 0.626 (0.291) | 0.671 (0.207) | 0.091 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| Mozambique | Marromeu | 7 | 11,270 | > 10 300 [35] | 21 | 76 | 0 | 1.639 | 0.668 (0.228) | 0.639 (0.225) | −0.062 | 95.2 | 4.8 | 0 |
| Zimbabwe | Nyakasanga | 8 | 1000 | Unknown | 2 | 36 | 1 | 1.806 | 0.542 (0.401) | 0.597 (0.395) | 0.063 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Zimbabwe | Malilangwe | 9 | 405 | Unknown | 20 | 97 | 2 | 1.659 | 0.636 (0.225) | 0.659 (0.244) | 0.008 | 35 | 55 | 10 |
| Zimbabwe | Crooks corner | 10 | - Part of transfrontalier PA | - | 13 | 81 | 1 | 1.634 | 0.581 (0.205) | 0.634 (0.236) | 0.058 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| Zimbabwe | Mana pools | 11 | 6766 | Unknown | 10 | 90 | 1 | 1.700 | 0.641 (0.318) | 0.700 (0.285) | 0.120 | 60 | 40 | 0 |
| Zimbabwe | Gonarezhou | 12 | 7110 | 2 742 [36] | 42 | 102 | 1 | 1.636 | 0.601 (0.256) | 0.636 (0.255) | 0.029 | 11.9 | 81 | 7.1 |
| Zimbabwe | Hwange | 13 | 14,651 | Hwange and adjacent area: 24 500 [37] | 6 | 63 | 0 | 1.598 | 0.557 (0.295) | 0.628 (0.298) | 0.052 | 33.3 | 66.7 | 0 |
| Zimbabwe | Victoria falls | 15 | 23 | 15 | 96 | 1 | 1.663 | 0.629 (0.307) | 0.663 (0.261) | 0.008 | 66.7 | 26.7 | 6.6 | |
| Zimbabwe | Sengwe | 14 | - transnational corridor between Kruger and Gonarezhou | - | 8 | 73 | 0 | 1.646 | 0.571 (0.253) | 0.646 (0.279) | 0.076 | 0 | 75 | 25 |
| Botswana | Chobe | 16 | 11,700 | Northern Botswana: 39 580 [38] | 22 | 95 | 1 | 1.641 | 0.612 (0.250) | 0.637 (0.262) | 0.067 | 77.3 | 22.7 | 0 |
| Botswana | Okavango delta | 17 | 16,000 | 20 | 92 | 0 | 1.633 | 0.616 (0.254) | 0.628 (0.257) | −0.003 | 90 | 5 | 5 | |
| Angola | Angola | 18 | No precise locality | - | 1 | 22 | 3 | 1.583 | 0.571 (0.514) | 0.571 (0.514) | - | - | - | - |
| Zambia | Zambia | 19 | No precise locality | - | 1 | 24 | 0 | 1.667 | 0.714 (0.469) | 0.714 (0.469) | - | - | - | - |
This summarises the sample origin (country and sampling locality), size of the sampling locality in square kilometres, estimated number of buffaloes by aerial counts (N TOT), sample size per sampling locality involved in the present study (N) and mean values for number of alleles (N a), private alleles (P a), allelic richness (A r), observed (H O) and unbiased expected heterozygosity (H E) (and their standard deviations SD) and inbreeding coefficient (F is) across autosomal microsatellite loci. The affiliation of each sampling locality to each cluster, expressed in percentage, is also given in the last three columns (C; Central cluster, N; Northern cluster, S; Southern cluster).