Table 3.
A list of molecularly delimited common fragile sites (CFSs) obtained from a manual search of the literature
FRA | Chr | Start | End | BAC/STS from | BAC/STS to | Type | Frequency | Cancer genes | miRNAs | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FRA1E | 1 | 97,749,961 | 98,119,925 | RP4-538N4 | RP11-128G13 | Aphidicolin | Common | [92] | ||
FRA1H | 1 | 216,110,179 | 226,742,379 | RP11-22M7 | RP11-118H4 | 5AZA | Common | TGFB2 | hsa-mir-215, hsa-mir-194-1, hsa-mir-664a, hsa-mir-320b-2, hsa-mir-4742, hsa-mir-6741 | [154] |
FRA2Ccen | 2 | 18,524,760 | 19,272,430 | RP11-720L11 | RP11-78J22 | Aphidicolin | Common | [97] | ||
FRA2Ctel | 2 | 14,934,889 | 15,681,539 | RP11-526G2 | RP11-32P22 | Aphidicolin | Common | [97] | ||
FRA2G | 2 | 169,498,510 | 170,313,244 | RP11-285F23 | RP11-724O16 | Aphidicolin | Common | [155] | ||
FRA2H | 2 | 186,716,111 | 187,251,132 | RP11-561J1 | RP11-639N24 | Aphidicolin | Common | [156] | ||
FRA3B | 3 | 59,623,632 | 63,846,635 | RP11-70P20 | RP11-50F24 | Aphidicolin | Common | [157] | ||
FRA4F | 4 | 90,208,191 | 97,312,924 | RP11-549C16 | RP11-145G20 | Aphidicolin | Common | [109] | ||
FRA6E | 6 | 160,275,245 | 166,079,958 | D6S1581 | D6S1719 | Aphidicolin | Common | [158] | ||
FRA6F | 6 | 111,577,970 | 112,568,919 | RP5-1112D6 | RP1-142L7 | Aphidicolin | Common | [159] | ||
FRA6H | 6 | 27,804,038 | 37,156,663 | RP1-193B12 | RP11-588I14 | Aphidicolin | Common | RXRB, PPARD, CDKN1A | hsa-mir-877, hsa-mir-4640, hsa-mir-6891, hsa-mir-6832, hsa-mir-4646, hsa-mir-1236, hsa-mir-6721, hsa-mir-6833, hsa-mir-3135b, hsa-mir-219a-1, hsa-mir-6873, hsa-mir-6834, hsa-mir-5004, hsa-mir-3934, hsa-mir-7159, hsa-mir-1275, hsa-mir-6835, hsa-mir-7111, hsa-mir-5690, hsa-mir-3925 | [115] |
FRA7B | 7 | 1 | 12,392,296 | Telomere | RP11-507C1 | Aphidicolin | Common | PDGFA, RAC1 | hsa-mir-339, hsa-mir-4655, hsa-mir-6836, hsa-mir-4648, hsa-mir-4656, hsa-mir-589, hsa-mir-6874, hsa-mir-3683 | [116] |
FRA7E | 7 | 80,508,751 | 84,935,939 | D7S1934 | SHGC-104456 | Aphidicolin | Common | HGF | [117] | |
FRA7G | 7 | 115,894,865 | 116,072,877 | D7S486 | D7S522 | Aphidicolin | Common | [160] | ||
FRA7H | 7 | 130,413,791 | 130,857,950 | D7S786 | D7S649 | Aphidicolin | Common | hsa-mir-29a, hsa-mir-29b-1 | [161] | |
FRA7I | 7 | 144,671,106 | 146,121,417 | SHGC-153624 | sWSS2627 | Aphidicolin | Common | [120] | ||
FRA7K | 7 | 110,657,856 | 111,031,412 | WI-5281 | SHGC-78648 | Aphidicolin | Common | [121] | ||
FRA8C | 8 | 124,285,269 | 128,421,245 | RP11-468O2 | RP11-382A18 | Aphidicolin | Common | hsa-mir-548aa-1, hsa-mir-548d-1, hsa-mir-6844, hsa-mir-4662b, hsa-mir-4662a | [162] | |
FRA9G | 9 | 17,135,038 | 17,503,917 | Within c9orf39/CNTLN | Aphidicolin | Common | [125] | |||
FRA10F | 10 | 125,391,503 | 128,256,865 | RP11-391M7 | RP11-179O22 | Aphidicolin | Common | CTBP2 | hsa-mir-4296, hsa-mir-4484 | [130] |
FRA11E | 11 | 32,086,458 | 34,028,916 | RP1-17K7 | RP13-786C16 | Aphidicolin | Common | [134] | ||
FRA11G | 11 | 113,688,799 | 118,157,704 | RP11-667M19 | RP11-832A4 | Aphidicolin | Common | ZBTB16 | [133] | |
FRA13A | 13 | 35,546,088 | 36,184,897 | RP11-307O13 | RP11-270C18 | Aphidicolin | Common | [139] | ||
FRA13E | 13 | 73,285,774 | 76,386,498 | RP11-342J4 | RP11-29G8 | Aphidicolin | Common | [115] | ||
FRA16D | 16 | 78,420,359 | 78,731,553 | AH009490.2 | FRA16D seq | Aphidicolin | Common | [163] | ||
FRAXB | X | 6,595,111 | 7,548,235 | DXS1130 | DXS237 | Aphidicolin | Common | hsa-mir-4767 | [164] |
The list of molecularly mapped CFSs was compiled by performing a systematic search of the literature for each one of the known cytogenetically mapped fragile sites (n = 125). Whenever the placement of STS markers or BACs on GRC37/hg19 was unknown, it was verified by megaBLAST (default parameters) of the complete sequence against the human chromosome sequences. Only matches with greater than 90 % coverage were considered for CFS placement. Twenty-six (26) CFSs with a precise mapping were identified (see Table 4), whose coordinates were then mapped to the reference genome version GRC37. Whenever the precise location of BACs was unknown, it was verified by alignment with NCBI Megablast (default settings). The annotation of the reference human genome was obtained from UCSC (URL: hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/hg19/) in December 2013. The utility “bigWigSummary” was used to extract mean scores for molecularly mapped fragile regions and randomly selected non-fragile control regions. The BAC/STS limits have been extracted from the cited publication and coordinates mapped on GRC37. Note that FRA2C has been divided into two separate, molecularly defined hotspots