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. 2014 Aug 17;203(6):415–424. doi: 10.1007/s00430-014-0351-4

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Expression profile and immunomodulatory activity of retinoic acid receptors in human monocytes. a Transcriptional expression of RARα, RARβ and RARγ in monocytes (samples M1-M5) as discriminated by agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products. HEK293 cells (RARα), A549 cells (RARβ) or NHBE cells (RARγ) served as positive controls in each case. (RT- = reverse transcription negative control) b Immunomodulatory effect of specific RAR-agonists BMS753 and BMS961 on the expression of TNFα, IL6, IL12b and Dectin-1 upon C. albicans infection. Also shown is the inhibitory power of the specific RAR antagonists MM11253 and BMS195614 on the atRA-mediated modulation of these genes. Monocytes were pre-incubated for 30 min with either RAR-specific agonists or atRA (in the presence or absence of RAR antagonists) and then challenged with UV-treated C. albicans yeasts (CaUV). Columns represent the percentage of the C. albicans-induced mRNA expression in each case. Data were collected from five independent experiments. * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001