Table 1.
Clinical profile of the study population at baseline
| Control group N = 860 | Intervention group N = 710 | |
|---|---|---|
| Mean (sd) age, years | 56.4 (11.6) | 55.8 (11.5) |
| Clinical measurements | ||
| Mean (sd) HbA1c, mmol/mol | 78 | 74 |
| Mean (sd)HbA1c,% | 9.3 (2.3) | 8.9 (2.3) |
| Mean (sd) cholesterol, mmol/l | 4.9 (1.3) | 5.0 (1.1) |
| Mean (sd) weight, kg | 83.9 (18.5) | 84.4 (18.7) |
| Mean (sd) waist circumference, cm | 100.3 (14.1) | 101.9 (14.1) |
| Mean (sd) diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 85.4 (13.0) | 85.9 (11.7) |
| Mean (sd) systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 137.2 (24.3) | 140.2 (22.4) |
| Gender,n (%) | ||
| Male | 209 (24.3) | 202 (28.5) |
| Female | 650 (75.7) | 508 (71.5) |
| Level of control,n (%) | ||
| HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol (7%) | 134 (15.6) | 141 (19.9) |
| Cholesterol < 5.0 mmol/l | 458 (53.3) | 342 (48.2) |
| Diastolic blood pressure < 80 mmHg | 289 (33.6) | 212 (29.9) |
| Systolic blood pressure < 130 mmHg | 345 (40.1) | 245 (34.5) |
| Waist circumference: women, < 82 cm | 40/650 (6.2) | 32/508 (6.3) |
| Waist circumference: men, < 94 cm | 80/209 (38.3) | 57/202 (28.2) |
| Known complications/comorbidities in medical records,n (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 715 (83.1) | 539 (75.9) |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 279 (32.4) | 239 (33.7) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 26 (3.0) | 12 (1.7) |
| Cataracts | 83 (9.7) | 67 (9.4) |
| Retinopathy | 5 (0.6) | 40 (5.6) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1 (0.1) | 13 (1.8) |
| Leg ulcers | 36 (4.2) | 24 (3.4) |
| Neuropathy | 12 (1.4) | 52 (7.3) |
| Amputation | 7 (0.8) | 8 (1.1) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 26 (3.0) | 22 (3.1) |
| Cardiac failure | 35 (4.1) | 4 (0.6) |
| Stroke | 26 (3.0) | 20 (2.8) |
| Medication,n (%) | ||
| Metformin | 738 (85.8) | 595 (83.8) |
| Glibenclamide | 115 (13.4) | 118 (16.6) |
| Gliclazide | 324 (37.7) | 268 (37.7) |
| Insulin | 228 (26.5) | 213 (30.0) |
| Hydrochlorthiazide | 438 (50.9) | 337 (47.5) |
| Enalapril | 492 (57.2) | 420 (59.2) |
| Amlodipine | 288 (33.5) | 276 (38.9) |
| Simvastatin | 271 (31.5) | 258 (36.3) |