Table 2.
Pre- and post-training scores by group
| Adaptive training | Non-adaptive training | No intervention | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-assessment (T1) | Post-assessment (T2) | Pre-assessment (T1) | Post-assessment (T2) | Pre-assessment (T1) | Post-assessment (T2) | |||||||||||||
| n | M | SD | n | M | SD | n | M | SD | n | M | SD | n | M | SD | n | M | SD | |
| Working memory | ||||||||||||||||||
| AWMA | ||||||||||||||||||
| Verbal STM1 | 34 | 89.04 | 15.05 | 34 | 93.56 | 11.40 | 30 | 85.20 | 14.71 | 30 | 88.22 | 12.06 | 30 | 84.27 | 12.38 | 30 | 91.72 | 10.07 |
| Visuo-spatial STM1 | 34 | 86.59 | 10.24 | 34 | 96.97 | 15.35 | 30 | 91.16 | 10.04 | 30 | 90.45 | 9.23 | 30 | 83.55 | 10.90 | 30 | 87.03 | 12.19 |
| Verbal WM1 | 34 | 81.41 | 5.53 | 34 | 96.25 | 11.08 | 30 | 85.48 | 6.85 | 30 | 90.47 | 9.23 | 30 | 85.58 | 7.49 | 30 | 85.47 | 9.22 |
| Visuo-spatial WM1 | 34 | 86.35 | 6.63 | 34 | 99.94 | 10.25 | 30 | 88.35 | 5.60 | 30 | 95.43 | 8.96 | 30 | 84.20 | 7.52 | 30 | 90.13 | 9.68 |
| Classroom -based tasks | ||||||||||||||||||
| Following instructions2 | 33 | 15.42 | 4.18 | 33 | 17.94 | 5.06 | 28 | 15.82 | 4.20 | 28 | 15.00 | 4.42 | 17 | 15.76 | 4.05 | 17 | 15.94 | 3.82 |
| Rhyme recall2 | 32 | 3.72 | 2.17 | 32 | 4.53 | 2.06 | 30 | 3.63 | 2.19 | 30 | 4.63 | 1.67 | 30 | 4.23 | 1.91 | 30 | 4.60 | 1.87 |
| Sentence counting (storage)2 | 34 | 6.76 | 3.75 | 34 | 9.71 | 3.33 | 30 | 8.80 | 3.79 | 30 | 10.07 | 3.22 | 30 | 9.47 | 3.17 | 30 | 9.07 | 3.33 |
| Sentence counting (processing)2 | 34 | 8.59 | 4.00 | 34 | 10.15 | 3.67 | 30 | 9.57 | 3.08 | 30 | 10.27 | 3.30 | 30 | 10.00 | 2.56 | 30 | 9.80 | 3.27 |
| Ability | ||||||||||||||||||
| IQ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Verbal IQ1 | 34 | 90.82 | 10.71 | 34 | 91.00 | 13.94 | 26 | 92.77 | 16.44 | 26 | 90.62 | 15.75 | 30 | 87.97 | 17.29 | 30 | 90.17 | 15.99 |
| Performance IQ1 | 34 | 92.41 | 13.44 | 34 | 91.68 | 13.48 | 27 | 88.89 | 8.47 | 27 | 92.22 | 11.27 | 30 | 87.07 | 11.83 | 30 | 90.13 | 10.87 |
| Maths | ||||||||||||||||||
| Number operations1 | 33 | 94.40 | 14.49 | 33 | 94.15 | 13.76 | 29 | 90.07 | 14.36 | 29 | 92.90 | 16.16 | 30 | 89.43 | 14.15 | 30 | 91.10 | 14.17 |
| Maths reasoning1 | 33 | 90.39 | 15.17 | 33 | 87.36 | 14.89 | 29 | 89.14 | 16.61 | 29 | 87.76 | 13.64 | 30 | 82.97 | 10.81 | 30 | 81.90 | 12.16 |
| Reading | ||||||||||||||||||
| Basic reading1 | 34 | 88.71 | 12.88 | 34 | 88.85 | 13.93 | 30 | 90.69 | 17.47 | 29 | 89.07 | 15.86 | 30 | 88.10 | 14.86 | 30 | 92.03 | 15.83 |
| Reading accuracy1 | 30 | 86.80 | 12.12 | 30 | 88.80 | 12.94 | 28 | 88.61 | 14.40 | 28 | 90.43 | 12.32 | 28 | 86.71 | 15.16 | 28 | 88.21 | 12.12 |
| Reading comprehension1 | 30 | 82.63 | 11.97 | 30 | 85.57 | 12.54 | 28 | 86.96 | 14.55 | 28 | 87.00 | 12.56 | 28 | 84.43 | 13.56 | 28 | 84.46 | 12.58 |
| Reading rate1 | 29 | 101.38 | 13.90 | 29 | 104.69 | 14.21 | 27 | 103.15 | 16.27 | 27 | 106.04 | 13.54 | 27 | 101.70 | 15.47 | 27 | 101.52 | 16.66 |
| Written expression3 | 32 | 163.72 | 13.29 | 32 | 167.88 | 12.42 | 27 | 173.93 | 11.45 | 27 | 173.11 | 12.66 | 16 | 168.00 | 10.28 | 16 | 168.69 | 11.63 |
| Visual scanning and attention | ||||||||||||||||||
| Visual scanning | ||||||||||||||||||
| Items correct4 | 33 | 2.10 | .75 | 33 | 1.68 | .58 | 30 | 1.74 | .61 | 29 | 1.55 | .48 | 30 | 1.71 | .61 | 30 | 1.65 | .52 |
| Attention | ||||||||||||||||||
| Omissions5 | 33 | 68.41 | 26.20 | 33 | 62.26 | 15.03 | 27 | 66.58 | 16.41 | 29 | 64.047 | 14.77 | 22 | 77.50 | 25.01 | 22 | 80.756 | 32.71 |
| Commissions5 | 33 | 47.45 | 9.86 | 33 | 50.92 | 8.65 | 27 | 51.67 | 6.38 | 29 | 54.44 | 8.61 | 22 | 54.63 | 6.56 | 22 | 53.38 | 7.44 |
| Hit Rate5 | 33 | 63.52 | 13.93 | 33 | 58.46 | 11.70 | 27 | 60.57 | 14.67 | 29 | 59.32 | 13.91 | 22 | 69.31 | 13.62 | 22 | 65.76 | 15.19 |
Standard score.
Trials correct.
Raw scores.
Seconds.
t-scores.