Table 3.
Multivariable analysis of demographic and health history characteristics associated with multifactorial causal beliefsa
| Participant Characteristics | Cancer (“Endorses”) OR, 95% CI |
Obesity (“Endorses”) OR, 95% CI |
Diabetes (“Endorses”) OR, 95% CI |
Heart Disease (“Endorses”) OR, 95% CI |
Hypertension (“Endorses”) OR, 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 1.01, 1.00-1.02 | 1.01, 1.00-1.02 | 0.99, 0.98-1.00 | 1.00, 0.99-1.01 | 0.99, 0.98-1.00 |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 1.28, 0.95-1.74 | 1.24, 0.94-1.62 | 1.33, 0.95-1.86 | 1.32, 0.90-1.93 | 1.28, 0.91-1.79 |
| Male | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Educational Attainment | |||||
| Less than high school | 0.64, 0.38-1.05 | 0.81, 0.43-1.53 | 0.63, 0.38-1.03 | 0.35, 0.19-0.62 | 0.64, 0.33-1.24 |
| High school/GED | 0.84, 0.55-1.29 | 1.07, 0.71-1.62 | 0.92, 0.59-1.44 | 0.76, 0.40-1.41 | 0.96, 0.59-1.57 |
| Vo-Tec/Some college | 0.91, 0.66-1.26 | 1.05, 0.75-1.47 | 0.81 0.53-1.22 | 0.83, 0.53-1.29 | 0.94, 0.64-1.39 |
| College/Postgraduate | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| All Others | 1.52, 1.05-2.18 | 1.21, 0.92-1.58 | 1.26, 0.86-1.85 | 1.04, 0.69-1.57 | 1.19, 0.83-1.71 |
| Geographic Residence | |||||
| Urban | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Rural | 1.44, 1.00-2.06 | 1.34, 0.91-1.96 | 1.36, 0.85-2.17 | 1.33, 0.87-2.02 | 1.14, 0.78-1.66 |
| Numeracy | |||||
| Correct | 1.40, 0.99-2.00 | 1.28, 0.85-1.91 | 1.67, 1.10-2.53 | 1.38, 0.85-2.26 | 1.44, 0.92-2.25 |
| Incorrect | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Self-reported Health Status | |||||
| Excellent | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Very Good | 1.02, 0.58-1.79 | 0.94, 0.58-1.51 | 0.98, 0.50-1.95 | 1.05, 0.51-2.13 | 1.20, 0.66-2.18 |
| Good | 1.10, 0.62-1.96 | 1.03, 0.66-1.60 | 1.04, 0.51-2.14 | 1.29, 0.58-2.85 | 1.40, 0.74-2.66 |
| Fair/Poor | 1.06, 0.52-2.15 | 0.99, 0.53-1.83 | 0.81, 0.36-1.82 | 1.12, 0.46-2.75 | 1.05, 0.48-2.27 |
| BMI | |||||
| Underweight/Normal | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Overweight | 1.27, 0.97-1.67 | 1.04, 0.79-1.38 | 1.23, 0.89-1.71 | 1.19, 0.84-1.69 | 1.20, 0.91-1.58 |
| Obese | 1.04, 0.71-1.52 | 1.58, 1.09-2.31 | 1.73, 1.08-2.79 | 1.99, 1.24-3.21 | 1.84, 1.17-2.89 |
| Aware DTC Genetic Tests | |||||
| Yes | 1.23, 0.92-1.63 | 1.27, 0.95-1.69 | 1.49, 1.03, 2.16 | 1.42, 0.98-2.05 | 1.48, 1.10-1.99 |
| No | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Family History-Cancerb | |||||
| Yes | 1.75, 1.28-2.40 | 1.19, 0.74-1.93 | 1.29, 0.85-1.95 | ||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Personal History-Cancer | |||||
| Yes | 1.11, 0.77-1.59 | ||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | ||||
| Personal History-Heart Disease | |||||
| Yes | 0.87, 0.53-1.43 | ||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | ||||
| Personal History-Diabetes | |||||
| Yes | 1.21, 0.71-2.06 | ||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | ||||
| Personal History-Hypertension | |||||
| Yes | 1.16, 0.86-1.58 | ||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) |
a
Bolded text denotes associations where p<.05. Italicized text indicates relationships for which odds ratios are in the same direction across all five diseases.
b
All conceptually consistent demographic and health history variables were included in all models. Shaded areas indicate analyses that were not conducted because the relationships were conceptually inconsistent. Because family history of cancer was significantly associated with multifactorial beliefs about heart disease and hypertension in bivariate analyses, family history was included in those models as a covariate.