Table 4.
Multivariable analysis of the association between multifactorial causal beliefs and engagement in health behaviorsa
| Participant Characteristics |
Cancer (“Endorses”) OR, 95% CI |
Obesity (“Endorses”) OR, 95% CI |
Diabetes (“Endorses”) OR, 95% CI |
Heart Disease (“Endorses”) OR, 95% CI |
Hypertension (“Endorses”) OR, 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking | |||||
| Nonsmoker | 0.78 (0.51-1.17) | 1.29 (0.76-2.19) | 0.95 (0.59-1.61) | 0.85 (0.47-1.52) | 1.11 (0.66-1.90) |
| Former | 0.82 (0.55-1.22) | 1.17 (0.74-1.87) | 0.92 (0.52-1.62) | 0.76 (0.43-1.34) | 0.97 (0.60-1.56) |
| Current | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
|
Annual Primary Care
Visit |
|||||
| Yes | 1.11 (0.84-1.47) | 1.02 (0.79-1.32) | 1.04 (0.73-1.47) | 1.18 (0.90-1.55) | 1.43 (1.08-2.05) |
| No | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Adherent to Exercise Guidelines (150 mins/wk) |
|||||
| Yes | 1.00 (0.71-1.4) | 1.07 (0.86-1.33) | 0.85 (0.63-1.43) | 0.94 (0.68-1.29) | 1.15 (0.84-1.57) |
| No | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
|
Pap Test Adherence
(Women) |
|||||
| Yes | 2.00 (1.22-3.27) | ||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | ||||
|
Mammogram Adherence
(Women) |
|||||
| Yes | 1.64 (1.08-2.50) | ||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | ||||
| Ever had PSA Test (Men) | |||||
| Yes | 1.84 (1.08-3.12) | ||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | ||||
| Colon Cancer Screening | |||||
| Yes | 1.43 (1.05-1.94) | ||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | ||||
|
|
|||||
| b, 95% CI | b, 95% CI | b, 95% CI | b, 95% CI | b, 95% CI | |
|
|
|||||
| Fruit/Vegetable Indexb | .04 (−0.29-0.36) | 0.06 (−0.26-0.39) | −0.13 (−0.65-0.38) | 0.02 (−0.43-0.47) | −0.03 (−0.41-0.36) |
|
Screen time (minutes per
day) b |
21.68 (0.13-43.23) | 19.7 (−4.81-44.17) | 12.55 (−12.64-37.74) | 27.10 (4.54-49.65) | 20.19 (−2.3-42.67) |
Bolded text denotes associations where p<.05. Italicized text indicates relationships for which odds ratios are in the same direction across all five diseases. All conceptually consistent demographic and health history variables were included in all models. Shaded areas indicate analyses that were not conducted because the relationships were conceptually inconsistent. Because family history of cancer was significantly associated with multifactorial beliefs about heart disease and hypertension in bivariate analyses, family history was included in those models as a covariate.
Regression estimates are unstandardized for the fruit and vegetable index and screen time.