. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 16.

Published in final edited form as: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Sep 8;(9):CD007396. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007396.pub2

Analysis 20.8. Comparison 20 IV butorphanol versus IV pethidine, Outcome 8 Apgar score < 7 at 1 and 5 minutes.

Review: Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour

Comparison: 20 IV butorphanol versus IV pethidine

Outcome: 8 Apgar score < 7 at 1 and 5 minutes