1 Maternal pain relief poor or none (3-5 PN) |
1 |
801 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.01 [0.91, 1.12] |
2 Pain intensity 4 or 5 on 5-point scale (1 hour) |
2 |
239 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.11 [0.69, 1.80] |
3 Additional analgesia required |
2 |
233 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.03 [0.88, 1.20] |
4 Epidural |
4 |
788 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.96 [0.71, 1.29] |
5 Nausea and vomiting |
3 |
|
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
5.1 Nausea
|
3 |
1590 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.11 [0.95, 1.28] |
5.2 Vomiting
|
3 |
1589 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.25 [1.06, 1.47] |
6 Maternal sleepiness |
3 |
1590 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.55 [0.28, 1.07] |
7 Assisted vaginal delivery |
3 |
1266 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.00 [0.81, 1.22] |
8 Caesarean section |
3 |
1266 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.56 [0.16, 2.00] |
9 Fetal heart rate changes (decelerations) |
1 |
34 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.23 [0.92, 1.64] |
10 Low Apgar score (≤ 7) at 1 and 5 minutes |
4 |
|
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
10.1 Low scores at 1 minute
|
4 |
662 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.76 [0.50, 1.13] |
10.2 Low scores at 5 minutes
|
3 |
616 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.50 [0.05, 5.37] |
11 Naloxone administration |
1 |
998 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.89 [0.77, 1.02] |
11.1 <36 weeks‐ gestation
|
1 |
23 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.96 [0.49, 1.89] |
11.2 ≥ 36 weeks‐ gestation
|
1 |
975 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.89 [0.77, 1.02] |
12 Neonatal resuscitation |
2 |
1356 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.00 [0.95, 1.05 |
12.1 < 36 weeks‐ gestation
|
1 |
23 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.89 [0.69, 1.16] |
12.2 ≥ 36 weeks‐ gestation
|
2 |
1333 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.00 [0.95, 1.05] |
13 Admission to NICU |
1 |
199 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.88 [0.48, 1.63;] |
14 Breastfeeding problems |
1 |
197 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.76 [0.17, 3.30] |
15 Apgar less than or equal to 7 at 1 minute |
2 |
129 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.89 [0.47, 1.67] |
16 Neonatal resuscitation |
1 |
100 |
Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.5 [0.26, 8.60] |