Table 2.

Future research priorities

Current Deficiency	Attributes of Preclinical Laboratory Models Needed	Clinical Trial Development
Lack of pediatric focus	Acute exposure in young animals with long latent period before evaluation	Organized prospective trials need to test long-term efficacy of novel cardioprotective interventions
Current models do not account for latent period between exposure and adverse cardiac outcomes	Animal models that incorporate exposure in young animals and evaluation of cellular and functional parameters as they age	Validate biomarkers
Myocardial cell responses poorly understood, particularly for nonmyocyte cell types	Acute exposure models that differentiate responses by cell types and can be used to identify serum biomarkers	Test interventions that slow pathological progression to overt cardiac disease