Fig. 3.

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation diminishes B cell co-stimulatory molecule expression. Naive B cells stimulated with anti-CD40 (1 μg/ml), interferon (IL)-4 (10 ng/ml) (dashed line), without calcitriol (solid line). Reduced expression of surface co-stimulatory CD86 molecules (a), (b) and CD86 mRNA (c) determined 48 h after incubation. (a) Overlays show living B lymphocytes of a representative donor and (b,c) summarize results from four independent experiments. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. *P ≤ 0·05; **P ≤ 0·01 considered significant.