Table 1.

Criteria of low- and high- risk patients for the development of hydroxychloroquine maculopathy [3]

HCQ therapy	Low risk	High risk
Daily dose	< 6.5 mg/kg ideal body weight for short individuals 200- 400mg/day	> 6.5 mg/kg ideal body weight for short individuals > 400mg/day
Duration of use	<5 yrs	> 5 yrs
Cumulative dose	< 1000g( total)	> 1000g( total)
Kidney / liver dysfunction	-	+
Retinal disease or maculopathy*	-	+
Age ( with no cut point specified)		elderly
*Patients with underlying retinal disease may be at high risk for toxicity and it is considered by many to be a contraindication for HCQ use because it masks the early signs of toxicity and it makes screening less effective or impossible.