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Plot of the topography parameter θ of the spatula contact model as a function of pillar spacing. Dashed line indicates the width of the beetles' spatula tip (≈4.3 µm); setae can slide between pillars to the right of this line. Dotted line indicates the value of θ above which spatulae in partial contact were observed. Squares indicate individual values of θ calculated from corresponding microstructured substrates.
