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The aerodynamic lift, drag and their vertical component for both downstroke and upstroke. All forces are normalized in the same way as described earlier.
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| downstroke | 2.22 | 2.30 | 0.98 | 2.00 | 0.63 |
| upstroke | 1.26 | 0.81 | 1.54 | 1.19 | −0.12 |
| ratio | 1.80 | 2.85 | 0.63 | 1.72 | — |
