VIRUS |
VEE |
Meso-America, Southern Texas, and Northern Mexico |
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus |
Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus |
Shared vectors and reservoirs |
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Deinocerites pseudes |
Human migration |
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Aedes (Ochlerotatus) taeniorhynchus |
Livestock movement |
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Mammalophilic mosquitoes |
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HPS and HFRS |
American continent, Europe, Asia, Africa likely worldwide |
Hantavirus |
Wild rodents of the Cricetidae and Soricidae families serve as reservoirs |
Shared reservoir species across border |
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Human migration |
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Different public health preparedness |
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Poverty (suboptimal housing) |
BACTERIA |
Lyme disease |
US, Mexico, Canada |
Borrelia burgdorferi |
Ticks |
Shared vectors and reservoirs |
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Ixodes scapularis
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Different public health policies |
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I. pacificus
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Leptospirosis |
Worldwide |
Leptospira interrogans |
Wild rodents serve as reservoirs |
Shared reservoir species across borders |
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Human migration |
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Livestock movement |
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Different public health policies |
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Poverty (suboptimal housing, sanitation, and hygiene) |
Rocky mountain spotted fever/Brazil spotted fever |
US, Mexico, Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Uruguay, Argentina, Brasil |
Rickettsia rickettssi |
Ticks |
Shared vectors and reservoirs |
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Dermacentor variabilis
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D. andersoni
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Rhipicephalus sanguineus
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Amblyomma cajennense
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Haemaphysalis leporispalustris
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Human monocytic ehrlichiosis |
US, Mexico |
Ehrlichia chaffensis |
Ticks |
Shared vectors and reservoirs |
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E. ewingiie
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A. americanum
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D. variabilis
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I. pacificus
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Human granulocytic anaplasmosis |
US |
Anaplasma phagocytophilum |
Ticks |
Shared vectors and reservoirs |
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I. scapularis
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I. pacificus
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Bartonellosisb
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Americas, Europe, Asia |
Bartonella henselae |
Ticks |
Shared vectors and reservoirs |
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Ba. quintana |
I. pacificus
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Human migration |
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Ba. bacilliformi |
I. scapularis
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Livestock movement |
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Ba. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii
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I. ricinus
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Poverty (poor sanitation, hygiene and crowded housing environments) |
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I. persulcatus
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D. reticulatus
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D. marginatus
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R. sanguineus
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R. microplus
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Sand flies |
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Lutzomyia verrucarum
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L. columbiana
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L. peruensis
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Licec
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Pediculus humanus humanus
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P. capitis
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Fleasc
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Pulex irritans
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PROTOZOA |
Human Babesiosis |
US |
Babesia microti |
Ticks |
Shared vectors and reservoirs |
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I. scapularis
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I. pacificus
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I. texanus
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D. variabilis
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Chagasd
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American Continent |
Trypanosoma cruzi |
Triatoma sanguisuga |
Shared vectors and reservoirs |
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T. gerstaeckeri |
Human migration |
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T. lenticularia |
Different public health policies |
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Poverty (suboptimal housing) |
Leishmaniasis |
Americas |
Leishmania (Leishmania) |
Lutzomyia sand flies |
Shared vectors and reservoirs Human migration Different public health policies |
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Leishmania (Viannia) |
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