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. 2014 Nov 17;2:68. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00068

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Copyright © 2014 Mailloux and Willmore.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Modulation of ATP synthase by S-glutathionylation. Diagrammatic representation of the ATP synthase complex and how it couples proton transport to the synthesis of ATP. S-glutathionylation of α-subunit in the F₁ portion of the complex is required to modulate ATP synthesis and curtail the genesis of mitochondrial O₂•⁻ production. However, prolonged S-glutathionylation is associated with chronic decreases in mitochondrial ATP production and development of heart disease.