In the absence of XPF, oxaliplatin treatment causes persistence of double-strand breaks in mammalian cells. (a) CHO cells (10,000) were treated with 10 µM oxaliplatin (OX) for 2 hr in a 96-well plate and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at various time points, blocked with 0.1% Triton X-100 and 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS before being stained for γH2AX (b) and 53BP1 (c) foci (1:2000 for γH2AX and 1:1000 for 53BP1 in 1% BSA) overnight. A 1:500 dilution of Alexa fluor 488-labeled secondary antibody was diluted in 1% BSA in PBS and incubated for 1 hr at room temperature, and then cells were stained with a 1:2000 dilution of 1 mg/ml DAPI (Sigma Aldrich) for 10 min at RT before being analyzed on IN Cell Analyser 1000 (GE Life Sciences), counting cells with more than 8 foci per nucleus. Data (b,c) are plotted versus time for WT DMSO (), WT 10 µM oxaliplatin (), XPF DMSO () and XPF 10 µM oxaliplatin (). (n = 3, error bars = standard deviation).