Table 1.
Parameters for the Health–Economic Model, Estimated from the Trial Data
| Parameter | Estimated Value | (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|
| UTI infection ratesb in low-UTI-risk participants | ||
| Rate before the first UTI, during the first 2 months (λ0) | 0.32 | (0.23–0.40) |
| Hazard ratio before first UTI,after first 2 months (λ1/λ0)a,c | 1.41 | (0.77–1.86) |
| Hazard ratio after the first UTI (λ2/λ0)c | 4.02 | (2.11–5.29) |
| UTI infection ratesb in high-UTI-risk participants | ||
| Rate before the first UTI, during the first 2 months (λ0) | 0.81 | (0.68–0.94) |
| Hazard ratio before first UTI, after first 2 months (λ1/λ0)a,c | 0.75 | (0.52–0.94) |
| Hazard ratio after the first UTI (λ2/λ0)c | 1.81 | (1.35–2.18) |
| Mortalityb | ||
| Rate before the first UTI (μ0) | 0.33 | (0.29–0.38) |
| Hazard ratio during the first month after first UTI (μ1/μ0)c | 3.57 | (2.00–4.81) |
| Hazard ratio after the first month after first UTI (μ2/μ0)c | 1.32 | (0.87–1.67) |
| Utilitiesd based on EQ-5D | ||
| Before the first UTI (U0) | 0.37 | (0.36–0.38) |
| Decrement after the first UTI (U2–U0)c | 0.02 | (−0.01–0.05) |
| Decrement during first 2 weeks after first UTI (ΔU)c | 0.04 | (0.01–0.07) |
| Utilitiesd based on visual analog scale | ||
| Before the first UTI (U0) | 0.73 | (0.72–0.74) |
| Decrement after the first UTI (U2–U0) | 0.00 | (−0.02–0.02) |
| Decrement during first 2 weeks after first UTI (ΔU) | 0.03 | (0.00–0.05) |
| Annual costs of cranberry use, € (c1)c | 439 | — |
| Cost per UTI, € | ||
| Cost of diagnostics | 8 | (6–10) |
| Cost of antibiotic treatment | 3 | (2–4) |
| Cost of elderly care physician | 25 | (22–28) |
| Cost of additional nursing care | 120 | (49–194) |
| Cost of hospitalizations | 40 | (−8–74) |
| Total cost per (prevented or nonprevented) UTI (c2) | 196 | (111–278) |
a
Only in the cranberry group.
b
Annual event rate.
c
Relative or absolute change during the specified period, compared with the base value.
d
Valuation of quality of life of the participants on a scale anchored at 1 (perfect health) and 0 (as bad as being dead).
UTI = urinary tract infection.