Table 2.
Mean Lifelong Health-Economic Outcomes of Treatment with or without Cranberry, Estimated from the Health-Economic Model
| Outcome | Cranberry | Placebo | Difference | (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low UTI risk | ||||
| Number of UTIsa,b | 2.13 | 1.84 | 0.29 | (−0.06–0.60) |
| Life expectancy, yearsa | 2.53 | 2.59 | −0.06 | (−0.14–0.05) |
| QALYs based on EQ-5Dc | 0.83 | 0.85 | −0.02 | (−0.05–0.01) |
| QALYs based on VASc | 1.69 | 1.73 | −0.04 | (−0.09–0.03) |
| Cost of cranberry use, € | 1,012 | 0 | 1,012 | (863–1,120) |
| Cost of diagnostics, € | 15 | 13 | 2 | (−1–5) |
| Cost of antibiotic treatment, € | 5 | 4 | 1 | (−1–2) |
| Cost of elderly-care physician, € | 47 | 40 | 7 | (−2–15) |
| Cost of additional nursing care, € | 228 | 196 | 32 | (−22–68) |
| Cost of hospitalizations, € | 76 | 65 | 11 | (−13–23) |
| Total UTI cost, € | 1,383 | 318 | 1,065 | (889–1,183) |
| High UTI risk | ||||
| Number of UTIa,b | 2.75 | 2.96 | −0.21 | (−0.42–0.04) |
| Life expectancy, yearsa | 2.45 | 2.40 | 0.05 | (−0.02–0.09) |
| QALYs based on EQ-5Dc | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.02 | (−0.01–0.03) |
| QALYs based on VASc | 1.64 | 1.61 | 0.03 | (−0.01–0.06) |
| Cost of cranberry use, € | 982 | 0 | 982 | (814–1,099) |
| Cost of diagnostics, € | 20 | 22 | −2 | (−4–1) |
| Cost of antibiotic treatment, € | 7 | 8 | −1 | (−2–1) |
| Cost of elderly-care physician, € | 61 | 66 | −5 | (−10–1) |
| Cost of additional nursing care, € | 298 | 323 | −25 | (−49–13) |
| Cost of hospitalizations, € | 99 | 107 | −8 | (−17–9) |
| Total UTI cost, € | 1,467 | 526 | 941 | (779–1,055) |
a
Undiscounted.
b
Lifelong, both first and other urinary tract infections (UTIs), using the clinical definition.
c
Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs; life expectancy weighed by utility for quality of life).
VAS = Visual Analog Scale.