In vivo effects of MSE-specific PPARγ deletion on mammary tumor volume and latency. Mammary tumors were measured at necropsy, and volumes calculated using the standard formula (L × W2/2) and expressed as mean mm3 for each treatment group (a). Open and closed circles, benign and malignant mammary tumors, respectively from PPARγ-WT mice; Open and closed boxes, benign and malignant mammary tumors, respectively from PPARγ-MSE KO mice; Solid bars represent median values for all mammary tumors; dashed bars represent median values for pooled malignant mammary tumors for a given treatment; number in parentheses, number of tumors; *, significantly different from DMBA only-treated groups, p < 0.05. Latency of mammary tumors is expressed as the percentage of mice with palpable mammary tumors within a given genotype and treatment group for a given week. Solid lines, PPARγ-WT mice; dashed lines, PPARγ-MSE KO mice; n, number of mice. (b) DMBA only-treated groups; significantly different compared to respective PPARγ-WT controls, p < 0.05. (c) DMBA + ROSI-treated groups. n, number of mice.