Table 2.
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Events, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Events, CVD Mortality, and All-Cause Mortality According to Sarcopenic Obesity Groups (Defined According to Waist Circumference (WC) and Midarm Muscle Circumference (MAMC))
| Sarcopenic Obesity Groupsa | P-Value (sarcopenia x Obesity Interaction) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimal | Sarcopenic | Obese | Sarcopenic obese | |||
| HR | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||
| CHD events (n = 458) | Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.22 (0.97–1.53) | 1.33 (1.04–1.70)b | 1.37 (0.90–2.08) | .50 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.86–1.38) | 1.19 (0.92–1.55) | 1.11 (0.71–1.75) | .55 | |
| CVD events (n = 852) | Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.19 (1.01–1.41)b | 1.30 (1.08–1.56)b | 1.39 (1.02–1.89)b | .55 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.93–1.32) | 1.18 (0.98–1.43) | 1.08 (0.77–1.52) | .31 | |
| CVD mortality (n = 518) | Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.48 (1.19–1.85)b | 1.60 (1.25–2.03)b | 1.79 (1.19–1.85)b | .21 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.35 (1.07–1.70)b | 1.39 (1.07–1.80)b | 1.38 (0.91–2.08) | .20 | |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 1.33 (1.04–1.70)b | 1.18 (0.89–1.55) | 1.29 (0.83–2.00) | .44 | |
| Model 4 | 1.00 | 1.26 (0.98–1.61) | 1.12 (0.84–1.48) | 1.14 (0.73–1.79) | .42 | |
| All-cause mortality (n = 1314) | Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.54 (1.34–1.76)b | 1.41 (1.21–1.64)b | 2.09 (1.67–2.62)b | .79 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.41 (1.22–1.63)b | 1.21 (1.03–1.42)b | 1.72 (1.35–2.18)b | .95 | |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 1.37 (1.18–1.59)b | 1.11 (0.93–1.32) | 1.61 (1.25–2.08)b | .70 | |
| Model 4 | 1.00 | 1.34 (1.15–1.56)b | 1.07 (0.90–1.28) | 1.49 (1.15–1.93)b | .81 | |
| Model 5 | 1.00 | 1.34 (1.15–1.57)b | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | 1.44 (1.10–1.90)b | .96 | |
CHD = Coronary Heart Disease; CVD = Cardiovascular Disease; HR = Hazard Ratio; MAMC = Midarm Muscle Circumference; WC = Waist Circumference. Model 1: adjusted for age. Model 2: adjusted for model 1 + smoking, alcohol, occupational social class, physical activity. Model 3: adjusted for model 2 + prevalent MI, prevalent stroke, HDL, SBP, FEV1. Model 4: adjusted for model 3 + CRP, D-dimer, vWF. Model 5: adjusted for model 4 + weight loss.
Optimal (WC ≤ 102 cm, MAMC > 25.9 cm); sarcopenic (WC ≤ 102 cm, MAMC ≤ 25.9 cm); obese (WC > 102 cm, MAMC > 25.9 cm); sarcopenic obese (WC > 102 cm, MAMC ≤ 25.9 cm).
P < .05.