TABLE 2. Baseline characteristics in the subcohort by sex and quintiles of dietary vitamin D intake: the EPIC-InterAct study.
| Vitamin D (μg/day) | Quintile 1 < 2.19 (Median: 1.6) | Quintile 2 2.19-<3.13 (Median: 2.6) | Quintile 3 3.13-<4.27 (Median: 3.7) | Quintile 4 4.27-<6.07 (Median: 5.0) | Quintile 5 ≥6.07 (Median: 7.9) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| Men | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % |
| N = 744 | N = 903 | N = 1109 | N = 1418 | N = 1794 | ||||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||||
| Never | 201 | 27 | 275 | 30 | 353 | 32 | 461 | 33 | 591 | 33 |
| Former | 278 | 37 | 349 | 39 | 402 | 36 | 515 | 36 | 627 | 35 |
| Current | 259 | 35 | 269 | 30 | 333 | 30 | 430 | 30 | 567 | 32 |
| Unknown | 6 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 21 | 2 | 12 | 1 | 9 | 1 |
| Education | ||||||||||
| Primary school or less | 348 | 47 | 335 | 37 | 413 | 37 | 502 | 35 | 731 | 42 |
| Technical/professional school | 140 | 19 | 200 | 22 | 260 | 23 | 351 | 25 | 388 | 22 |
| Other secondary education | 92 | 12 | 133 | 15 | 132 | 12 | 160 | 11 | 260 | 14 |
| University | 154 | 21 | 220 | 24 | 281 | 25 | 385 | 27 | 398 | 22 |
| Unknown | 10 | 1 | 15 | 2 | 23 | 2 | 20 | 1 | 17 | 1 |
| Physical activity | ||||||||||
| Inactive | 201 | 27 | 258 | 29 | 284 | 26 | 374 | 26 | 348 | 19 |
| Moderately inactive | 243 | 33 | 274 | 30 | 339 | 31 | 397 | 28 | 603 | 34 |
| Moderately active | 224 | 30 | 261 | 29 | 314 | 28 | 359 | 25 | 474 | 26 |
| Active | 60 | 8 | 79 | 9 | 91 | 8 | 114 | 8 | 108 | 6 |
| Unknown | 16 | 2 | 31 | 3 | 81 | 7 | 174 | 12 | 261 | 15 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Age at recruitment | 52.7 | 46.3-58.4 | 52.8 | 45.9-58.5 | 52.9 | 46.5- 58.6 | 53.0 | 47.3- 59.6 | 53.8 | 48.6- 60.3 |
|
| ||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 | 24.5-28.9 | 26.4 | 24.1-28.8 | 26.2 | 24.2-28.6 | 26.3 | 24.5-28.7 | 26.2 | 24.0-28.7 |
| Total energy (Kcal/d) | 2048 | 1685-2457 | 2256 | 1860-2713 | 2330 | 1963-2736 | 2443 | 2052-2869 | 2678 | 2273-3150 |
| Saturated fat (g/d) | 24.5 | 18.6-31.0 | 30.1 | 23.4-37.4 | 32.2 | 24.9-40.8 | 34.8 | 27.0-43.5 | 41.2 | 31.8-52.4 |
| Monounsaturated fat (g/d) | 28.3 | 21.0-38.9 | 31.5 | 23.0-41.9 | 31.5 | 24.3-42.0 | 33.6 | 26.5-42.7 | 39.2 | 31.6-48.7 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (g/d) | 9.9 | 7.6-13.6 | 11.6 | 9.2-15.3 | 13.2 | 10.4-16.8 | 14.0 | 10.9-18.4 | 16.7 | 13.2-21.7 |
| Alcohol (g/d) | 13.5 | 3.1-34.0 | 16.3 | 5.4-38.4 | 16.4 | 5.2-37.3 | 14.8 | 4.9-37.8 | 13.2 | 4.1-31.0 |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 804 | 595-1047 | 885 | 669-1173 | 931 | 720-1233 | 968 | 735-1261 | 1109 | 836-1400 |
| Magnesium (g/d) | 335 | 267-410 | 351 | 295-421 | 369 | 312-438 | 391 | 323-458 | 412 | 347-483 |
| Coffee (g/d) | 120 | 56-413 | 175 | 65-500 | 287 | 90-600 | 385 | 131-665 | 400 | 145-675 |
| Soft drinks (g/d) | 0.0 | 0.0-39.4 | 6.7 | 0.0-66.7 | 8.1 | 0.0-85.7 | 16.4 | 0.0-97.5 | 21.3 | 0.0-114 |
| Total meat (g/d) | 101 | 66-146 | 119 | 86-159 | 130 | 91-170 | 134 | 98-178 | 142 | 102-193 |
| Total fish (g/d) | 10.0 | 3.1-22.4 | 16.4 | 8.2-28.4 | 22.7 | 12.7-36.3 | 29.4 | 15.3-47.6 | 37.7 | 15.4-67.7 |
| Vitamin D (μg/day) | Quintile 1 < 2.19 (Median: 1.6) | Quintile 2 2.19-<3.13 (Median: 2.6) | Quintile 3 3.13-<4.27 (Median: 3.7) | Quintile 4 4.27-<6.07 (Median: 5.0) | Quintile 5 ≥6.07 (Median: 7.9) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| Women | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % |
| N = 2415 | N = 2257 | N = 2050 | N = 1742 | N = 1366 | ||||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||||
| Never | 1416 | 59 | 1244 | 55 | 1143 | 56 | 963 | 55 | 694 | 51 |
| Former | 482 | 20 | 523 | 23 | 440 | 21 | 350 | 20 | 296 | 22 |
| Current | 494 | 20 | 476 | 21 | 447 | 22 | 408 | 23 | 367 | 27 |
| Unknown | 23 | 1 | 14 | 1 | 20 | 1 | 21 | 1 | 9 | 1 |
| Education | ||||||||||
| Primary school or less | 1077 | 45 | 916 | 41 | 780 | 38 | 672 | 39 | 571 | 42 |
| Technical/professional school | 443 | 18 | 499 | 22 | 508 | 25 | 447 | 26 | 366 | 27 |
| Other secondary education | 438 | 18 | 393 | 17 | 363 | 18 | 249 | 14 | 157 | 11 |
| University | 420 | 17 | 408 | 18 | 356 | 17 | 339 | 19 | 255 | 19 |
| Unknown | 37 | 2 | 41 | 2 | 43 | 2 | 35 | 2 | 17 | 1 |
| Physical activity | ||||||||||
| Inactive | 274 | 11 | 263 | 12 | 248 | 12 | 197 | 11 | 151 | 11 |
| Moderately inactive | 611 | 25 | 551 | 24 | 466 | 23 | 435 | 25 | 418 | 31 |
| Moderately active | 1237 | 51 | 1111 | 49 | 951 | 46 | 769 | 44 | 588 | 43 |
| Active | 244 | 10 | 238 | 11 | 214 | 10 | 156 | 9 | 102 | 7 |
| unknown | 49 | 2 | 94 | 4 | 171 | 8 | 185 | 11 | 107 | 8 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Age at recruitment | 52.3 | 45.3-58.8 | 52.4 | 46.3-58.7 | 51.9 | 46.0-58.5 | 52.1 | 46.1-59.3 | 53.3 | 47.1-61.0 |
|
| ||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 | 22.4-28.3 | 24.9 | 22.5-27.9 | 25.0 | 22.6-28.1 | 24.7 | 22.5-28.0 | 25.0 | 22.6-28.2 |
| Total energy (Kcal/d) | 1625 | 1353-1926 | 1836 | 1529-2185 | 1916 | 1604-2282 | 2001 | 1695-2404 | 2185 | 1861-2563 |
| Saturated fat (g/d) | 22.1 | 16.5-27.8 | 27.0 | 21.1-34.0 | 28.5 | 21.8-36.3 | 30.7 | 24.1-39.0 | 35.2 | 26.7-44.0 |
| Monounsaturated fat (g/d) | 22.3 | 16.3-30.5 | 25.4 | 19.1-33.8 | 26.4 | 20.5-35.0 | 27.8 | 22.4-35.8 | 32.3 | 26.3-40.2 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (g/d) | 8.8 | 6.8-11.4 | 10.7 | 8.4-14.0 | 11.5 | 8.9-14.7 | 12.3 | 9.4-16.4 | 14.2 | 11.3-18.2 |
| Alcohol (g/d) | 1.9 | 0.0-10.1 | 3.0 | 0.3-11.6 | 3.7 | 0.4-11.6 | 4.0 | 0.6-12.1 | 5.0 | 0.7-12.8 |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 806 | 614-1033 | 904 | 711-1147 | 957 | 727-1212 | 995 | 770-1244 | 1062 | 861-1326 |
| Magnesium (g/d) | 283 | 233-343 | 309 | 257-369 | 327 | 275-386 | 337 | 283-404 | 348 | 300-408 |
| Coffee (g/d) | 150 | 58-437 | 250 | 84-500 | 290 | 100-523 | 330 | 129-582 | 375 | 150-600 |
| Soft drinks (g/d) | 0.0 | 0.0-36.2 | 0.0 | 0.0-46.2 | 3.3 | 0.0-55.7 | 6.5 | 0.0-85.7 | 6.0 | 0.0-85.7 |
| Total meat (g/d) | 75 | 47-106 | 91 | 62-120 | 94 | 65-129 | 95 | 68-126 | 99 | 71-131 |
| Total fish (g/d) | 9.5 | 3.2-21.5 | 16.1 | 7.0-29.7 | 22.7 | 9.8-36.0 | 27.2 | 11.2-46.3 | 37.8 | 17.4-66.2 |
N = 15798; IQR: inter-quartile range