Table 3.

Odds Ratios of Youth’s Experiences in Adolescence at CDS 2002 by Proportion of Childhood Years in Poverty and Demographic and Family Context Characteristics (N = 714)

	Early “adult roles”						Investment/college
	Help parents nearly every day	Support parents nearly every day	Help siblings nearly every daya	Support siblings nearly every daya	Worry about the future/money nearly every day	Help pay family bills	Expect a 4-year degree or higher
Proportion of childhood years in poverty (Never poor or low income excluded)
Never poor, low income at least once	1.07	0.72	1.25	0.88	1.35	1.76	0.59†
Poor less than 50%	1.73†	2.36*	1.39	1.95	1.80	2.98**	0.36**
Poor 50% or more	1.59	1.90	0.44	1.38	1.87	2.35	0.21***
Race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White excluded)
Non-Hispanic Black	1.26	2.12*	2.78**	3.08**	2.42*	1.44	0.78
Hispanic/other/multiple races	0.75	1.47	0.77	1.04	1.79	1.30	1.63
Age at CDS (13–14 excluded)
15–16	1.00	0.48†	0.77	0.52†	0.66	1.33	0.73
17–18	1.02	0.73	0.44†	0.43†	1.36	2.88**	0.66
Male	0.95	0.69	0.85	0.72	0.37***	0.64†	0.87
Family structure (Two biological/adoptive parents excluded)
Biological mother only	1.08	1.03	1.40	0.61	1.40	1.69	0.43**
Biological mother and stepfather	0.68	1.06	1.93	1.44	2.58†	3.14*	0.89
“Other” families	1.07	1.65	3.02*	2.32	1.51	1.66	1.15
Birth order (First-born excluded)
Second-born	1.15	1.05	0.59	0.54†	1.65	1.09	0.80
Third-born or higher	0.88	0.69	0.73	0.50	2.12*	1.28	1.20
Number of biological siblings in household	1.18	0.94	0.86	0.79	0.79	0.90	1.00
Urban residence	0.86	0.86	1.03	1.13	1.40	1.13	1.50
Region (Northeast excluded)
North Central	0.87	0.61	0.84	1.11	1.87	1.47	1.19
South	1.18	1.10	0.87	0.69	1.16	0.57	1.54
West	0.72	0.82	1.14	1.16	1.64	0.67	1.09
Intercept	−0.71x	−1.68**	−1.42*	−1.08	−2.71***	−2.77***	1.16**
−2 log likelihood	15881	8221	7323	7067	9464	9697	14384

Note: CDS = Child Development Supplement.

^aSample sizes for sibling measures: total N = 588; never poor or low income = 203; never poor, low income = 139; poor less than 50% = 133; poor 50% or more = 113.

^†p< . 10.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.