. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 17.

Published in final edited form as: Phys Med Biol. 2013 Sep 20;58(20):7081–7106. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/20/7081

Table 1.

Comparison of several PVC methods, with and without PSF modelling in the OSEM reconstruction, on the estimation of kinetic parameters and CMRGlc calculated after seventeen iterations for the Zubal phantom simulation. Results give bias ± CoV in percent unless otherwise noted.

Structure	Method	K₁	k₂	k₃	CMRGlc
cerebellum	true	0.0906 (ml/ccm/min)	0.14108 (min⁻¹)	0.0460 (min⁻¹)	24.4496 (µmol/100 g/min)
	wPSF–noPVC	−6.82 ± 0.64	7.65 ± 1.41	3.67 ± 1.00	−9.45 ± 0.31
	wPSF–GTM	0.75 ± 0.64^a ^*	7.64 ± 1.42	3.26 ± 1.01	−2.37 ± 0.31^a ^*
	wPSF–ind pGTM	4.39 ± 0.69^b	13.65 ± 1.51^b ^*	5.29 ± 1.05^b	−1.51 ± 0.32^b
	wPSF–last pGTM	1.33 ± 0.65^c	7.71 ± 1.42^c ^*	3.27 ± 1.02^c	−1.85 ± 0.31^c
	noPSF–last pGTM	−6.87 ± 0.43^d ^*	−7.09 ± 1.03^d ^*	−0.73 ± 0.78^d	−2.14 ± 0.24^d
	noPSF–noPVC	−15.26 ± 0.42^a ^*	−7.18 ± 0.99^a ^*	0.43 ± 0.74^a	−10.12 ± 0.22^a

occipital lobes	true	0.0827 (ml/ccm/min)	0.1405 (min⁻¹)	0.0660 (min⁻¹)	29.1213 (µmol/100 g/min)
	wPSF–noPVC	−17.93 ± 1.23	5.91 ± 2.99	0.85 ± 2.07	−20.64 ± 0.43
	wPSF–GTM	−8.83 ± 1.41^a ^*	4.54 ± 3.46	2.30 ± 2.39^a	−10.16 ± 0.49^a ^*
	wPSF–ind pGTM	0.95 ± 1.64^b ^*	14.28 ± 3.97^b ^*	5.26 ± 2.63^b	−4.60 ± 0.51^b ^*
	wPSF–last pGTM	−3.61 ± 1.43^c	4.45 ± 3.51^c ^*	2.55 ± 2.42^c	−4.80 ± 0.49
	noPSF–last pGTM	−7.66 ± 0.80^d	−9.01 ± 2.23^d ^*	−1.54 ± 1.68^d	−2.62 ± 0.37^d
	noPSF–noPVC	−30.86 ± 0.62^a ^*	−7.84 ± 1.71^a ^*	−4.35 ± 1.30^a ^*	−29.10 ± 0.29^a ^*

hippocampus	true	0.0833 (ml/ccm/min)	0.1457 (min⁻¹)	0.0578 (min⁻¹)	26.0669 (µmol/100 g/min)
	wPSF–noPVC	−7.60 ± 3.57	6.03 ± 9.05	−0.86 ± 6.73	−11.93 ± 1.58
	wPSF–GTM	−6.60 ± 4.05	5.67 ± 10.27	−0.85 ± 7.62	−10.74 ± 1.78^a
	wPSF–ind pGTM	2.52 ± 4.82^b ^*	7.93 ± 12.12	0.71 ± 8.38	−2.37 ± 1.84^b ^*
	wPSF–last pGTM	1.44 ± 4.19	5.72 ± 10.71	0.04 ± 7.89	−2.44 ± 1.81
	noPSF–last pGTM	−4.47 ± 3.19^d ^*	−5.64 ± 8.63^d ^*	−1.91 ± 6.74	−1.76 ± 1.54
	noPSF–noPVC	−11.95 ± 2.41^a	−6.07 ± 6.36^a ^*	−3.64 ± 4.92	−10.31 ± 1.16^a

temporal lobes	true	0.0828 (ml/ccm/min)	0.1356 (min⁻¹)	0.0661 (min⁻¹)	29.8955 (µmol/100 g/min)
	wPSF–noPVC	−12.63 ± 0.57	3.23 ± 1.53	0.53 ± 1.00	−14.18 ± 0.18
	wPSF–GTM	−4.05 ± 0.63^a ^*	1.90 ± 1.70^a	1.39 ± 1.10^a	−4.38 ± 0.19^a ^*
	wPSF–ind pGTM	−0.60 ± 0.72^b	7.29 ± 1.86^b ^*	3.34 ± 1.13^b	−3.08 ± 0.19^b
	wPSF–last pGTM	−3.06 ± 0.64^c	1.82 ± 1.71^c ^*	1.52 ± 1.10^c	−3.25 ± 0.19^c
	noPSF–last pGTM	−8.57 ± 0.52^d ^*	−11.50 ± 1.50^d ^*	−2.39 ± 1.01^d	−2.44 ± 0.18^d
	noPSF–noPVC	−22.12 ± 0.43^a ^*	−9.90 ± 1.22^a ^*	−4.07 ± 0.85^a	−18.80 ± 0.16^a

parietal lobes	true	0.0864 (ml/ccm/min)	0.1378 (min⁻¹)	0.0716 (min⁻¹)	32.5485 (µmol/100 g/min)
	wPSF–noPVC	−14.84 ± 0.95	3.09 ± 2.58	0.96 ± 1.75	−16.01 ± 0.31
	wPSF–GTM	−5.56 ± 1.04^a ^*	1.84 ± 2.85	2.29 ± 1.91^a	−5.27 ± 0.33^a ^*
	wPSF–ind pGTM	0.34 ± 1.22^b ^*	9.25 ± 3.24^b ^*	4.44 ± 2.06^b	−2.61 ± 0.34^b
	wPSF–last pGTM	−3.05 ± 1.04^c	1.87 ± 2.85^c ^*	2.34 ± 1.91^c	−2.74 ± 0.33
	noPSF–last pGTM	−8.58 0.66^d ^*	−11.66 ± 1.84^d ^*	−1.55 ± 1.27^d	−1.94 ± 0.23^d
	noPSF–noPVC	−23.54 ± 0.56^a ^*	−10.41 ± 1.55^a ^*	−3.82 ± 1.09^a	−19.93 ± 0.21^a

RH subiculum	true	0.0416 (ml/ccm/min)	0.1457 (min⁻¹)	0.0289 (min⁻¹)	7.5954 (µmol/100 g/min)
	wPSF–noPVC	40.57 ± 23.65	31.16 ± 53.08	66.64 ± 32.90	75.81 ± 9.52
	wPSF–GTM	29.73 ± 38.90	58.63 ± 80.06	51.33 ± 45.62	33.00 ± 15.45^a ^*
	wPSF–ind pGTM	40.69 ± 54.83	69.87 ± 97.54	15.83 ± 66.76	8.52 ± 34.99^b ^*
	wPSF–last pGTM	46.28 ± 49.70	75.96 ± 89.66	22.17 ± 57.86	13.98 ± 28.73
	noPSF–last pGTM	24.53 ± 40.65	49.59 ± 81.38	14.27 ± 59.15	1.83 ± 27.74
	noPSF–noPVC	42.89 ± 13.53	7.66 ± 35.55	70.27 ± 23.67	108.08 ± 6.52^a ^*

LH amygdala	true	0.0833 (ml/ccm/min)	0.1457 (min⁻¹)	0.0289 (min⁻¹)	15.1908 (µmol/100 g/min)
	wPSF–noPVC	−9.47 ± 7.90	1.26 ± 15.43	14.62 ± 12.74	0.27 ± 4.64
	wPSF–GTM	−8.21 ± 8.74	1.58 ± 16.70	5.13 ± 14.32^a ^*	−5.60 ± 5.59^a ^*
	wPSF–ind pGTM	−0.18 ± 9.84^b ^*	3.51 ± 18.92	5.27 ± 15.36	1.26 ± 5.88^b ^*
	wPSF–last pGTM	−0.76 ± 8.95	1.66 ± 17.01	3.64 ± 14.63	0.78 ± 5.75
	noPSF–last pGTM	−8.37 ± 5.47^d ^*	−9.68 ± 10.77^d ^*	−1.77 ± 11.57	−1.93 ± 5.05
	noPSF–noPVC	−13.35 ± 4.29^a	−10.61 ± 8.92^a ^*	19.19 ± 8.72	9.43 ± 3.28^a ^*

RH entorhinal cortex	true	0.0208 (ml/ccm/min)	0.1457 (min⁻¹)	0.0145 (min⁻¹)	2.0702 (µmol/100 g/min)
	wPSF–noPVC	127.98 ± 36.45	48.33 ± 83.85	320.90 ± 39.86	488.85 ± 9.04
	wPSF–GTM	69.71 ± 50.10^a ^*	94.30 ± 92.47	250.53 ± 74.62	202.53 ± 20.40^a ^*
	wPSF–ind pGTM	63.62 ± 78.20	75.20 ± 109.43	294.42 ± 160.12	94.67 ± 69.46^b ^*
	wPSF–last pGTM	95.25 ± 64.12	112.24 ± 94.77	164.99 ± 116.78	111.00 ± 58.49
	noPSF–last pGTM	36.49 ± 53.52^d ^*	80.39 ± 91.42	181.27 1± 58.30	38.92 ± 62.71^d ^*
	noPSF–noPVC	113.82 ± 11.07	−1.83 ± 29.56^a ^*	292.17 ± 23.95	574.50 ± 5.93^a ^*

Results significantly different (P-value <0.05) than wPSF–noPVC.

Results significantly different (P-value <0.05) than wPSF–GTM.

Results significantly different (P-value <0.05) than wPSF–ind pGTM.

Results significantly different (P-value <0.05) than wPSF–last pGTM.

(Absolute difference in percent bias for significant results ≥5.0%.)