Table 4. Multivariate analysis of factors associated with low urinary creatinine excretion rate at baseline, by diabetes status.

OR (95% CI)
	Overall population	Without diabetes	With diabetes
	(n = 1609)	(n = 1153)	(n = 456)
Age, year	1.05 (1.04–1.06)	1.05 (1.04–1.07)	1.05 (1.02–1.07)
Gender (men vs women)	2.1 (1.5–2.9)	1.9 (1.3–2.9)	2.1 (1.1–3.9)
African vs non-African origin	0.28 (0.16–0.49)	0.42 (0.22–0.80)	0.15 (0.05–0.44)
mGFR (ml/min per1.73m2)
≥60	1	1	1
45–60	2.4 (1.3–4.2)	2.1 (1.1–4.2)	2.5 (0.79–7.9)
30–44	3.6 (2.1–6.2)	3.2 (1.7–6.2)	3.8 (1.3–11.0)
15–29	5.2 (2.9–9.2)	5.0 (2.5–10.0)	4.7 (1.6–14.5)
<15	9.2 (4.3–19.6)	8.2 (3.3–20.5)	11.9 (2.6–55.4)
Diabetes mellitus
no	1	-	-
yes	1.8 (1.3-2.6)	-	-
BMI group (kg/m2)
<18.5	9.6 (4.2–21.9)	9.7 (4.1–22.9)
18.5–25	1	1	5.0 (2.4–10.4)
25–30	0.29 (0.20–0.41)	0.32 (0.21–0.48)	1
30–35	0.24 (0.15–0.39)	0.12 (0.06–0.26)	1.6 (0.81–3.0)
≥35	0.12 (0.05–0.32)	0.12 (0.03–0.53)	0.51 (0.15–1.8)
Prealbumin (g/L)
>0.30	1	1	1
<0.30	1.2 (0.84–1.7)	0.83 (0.54–1.3)	2.3 (1.3–4.2)
Urinary urea (mmol/24h)
lowest	13.6 (8.3–22.1)	17.8 (9.0–35.5)	10.6 (4.8–23.4)
2nd	4.2 (2.6–6.9)	5.1 (2.5–10.2)	3.7 (1.7–7.8)
3rd	2.0 (1.2–3.4)	2.5 (1.2–5.2)	1.6 (0.75–3.5)
highest	1	1	1
Proteinuria (g/24h)
lowest	1	1	1
2nd	0.63 (0.42–0.94)	0.65 (0.40–1.0)	0.58 (0.25–1.4)
3rd	0.52 (0.34–0.81)	0.51 (0.30–0.86)	0.63 (0.27–1.4)
highest	0.37 (0.23–0.60)	0.38 (0.21–0.69)	0.37 (0.16–0.86)

Abbreviations: OR (95% CI), odds-ratios and 95% confidence interval; mGFR, measured glomerular filtration rate; BMI, body mass index.

Cut-off points of urinary urea were: <312.8 mmol/24h, 312.8–382.5 mmol/24h, 382.5–456.3 mmol/24h,>456.3 mmol/24 in men; <252.0 mmol/24h, 252.0–302.1 mmol/24h, 302.1–375.0 mmol/24h,>375.0 mmol/24h in women. Cut-off points of proteinuria urea were: <0.14 g/24h, 0.14–0.35 g/24h, 0.35–1.1 g/24,>1.1 g/24h in men; <0.12 g/24g, 0.12–0.21 g/24h, 0.21–0.89 g/24h,>0.89 g/24h in women.

*Multivariate adjustment, including center.