Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of participants
| Total | FPG-side group | 2-h PG-side group | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 1,657 | 802 | 855 | – |
| Age (years)** | 52.8 ± 0.3 | 54.5 ± 0.4 | 51.2 ± 0.5 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2)** | 23.2 ± 0.1 | 23.6 ± 0.1 | 22.8 ± 0.1 | <0.0001 |
| FPG (mg/dL)** | 102.4 ± 0.3 | 111.1 ± 0.4 | 94.2 ± 0.3 | <0.0001 |
| 2-h PG (mg/dL) | 131.0 ± 1.0 | 130.6 ± 1.4 | 131.4 ± 1.3 | NS |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL)* | 5.6 ± 0.1 | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 5.3 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%)** | 5.7 ± 0.02 | 5.8 ± 0.02 | 5.5 ± 0.02 | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 123.0 ± 3 | 125.2 ± 4.2 | 120.7 ± 4.3 | NS |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 208.2 ± 1.1 | 207.7 ± 1.6 | 208.8 ± 1.6 | NS |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 61.2 ± 0.6 | 61.1 ± 0.8 | 61.3 ± 0.9 | NS |
| Insulinogenic index†† | 0.35 ± 0.01 | 0.30 ± 0.01 | 0.39 ± 0.01 | <0.0001 |
| ISI composite†† | 8.26 ± 0.1 | 7.30 ± 0.13 | 9.17 ± 0.15 | <0.0001 |
| Disposition index†† | 2.63 ± 0.08 | 1.96 ± 0.08 | 3.26 ± 0.14 | <0.0001 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard error. Significant differences between the 2-h plasma glucose (PG)-side and fasting plasma glucose (FPG)-side groups, tested by unpaired t-test are:
*
P < 0.001,
**
P < 0.0001 (2-h PG-side <FPG-side),
††
P < 0.0001 (2-h PG-side >FPG-side). BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; ISI, insulin sensitivity index; NS, not significant.