Table 1.
Characteristics and comparison between previously known and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients
| Variables | Previously known type 2 diabetes (n = 573) | Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (n = 294) | P-value | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 284 (49.6%) | 191 (65.0%) | <0.001 | 0.02 |
| Age (years) | 62 ± 11 | 52 ± 15 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes (months) | 118 ± 79 | – | – | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 133 (23.2%) | 61 (20.8%) | 0.503 | 0.615 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 162 (28.3) | 87 (29.6%) | 0.712 | 0.789 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 308 (53.8%) | 115 (39.1%) | <0.001 | 0.242 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 450 (78.5%) | 203 (69.0%) | 0.227 | 0.428 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.79 ± 3.59 | 25.26 ± 3.71 | 0.079 | 0.454 |
| Waist circumference (cm)† | 89 (83–96) | 90 (84–96) | 0.508 | 0.537 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133 ± 18 | 127 ± 15 | <0.001 | 0.049 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 90 ± 9 | 81 ± 10 | 0.202 | 0.309 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)† | 19 (14–29) | 26 (16.5–42.5) | <0.001 | 0.003 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)† | 19 (16–24) | 23 (17–32) | <0.001 | 0.027 |
| γ-glutamyltransferase (U/L)† | 23 (16–40) | 31 (21.5–53.5) | <0.001 | 0.479 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (μmol/L)† | 5.50 (4.53–6.70) | 4.9 (4.0–6.3) | <0.001 | 0.079 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L)† | 67 (56–80) | 68 (56–80) | 0.996 | 0.734 |
| Blood uric acid (μmol/L)† | 313 (255–371) | 303 (241–373) | 0.319 | 0.310 |
| Total triglycerides (mmol/L)† | 1.40 (0.98–2.12) | 1.51 (1.07–2.13) | 0.081 | 0.746 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L)† | 4.50 (4.00–5.30) | 4.90 (4.10–5.61) | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L)† | 1.11 (0.95–1.31) | 1.05 (0.89–1.23) | 0.001 | 0.416 |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/L)† | 2.91 (2.42–3.40) | 3.30 (2.57–3.99) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)† | 7.46 (5.84–9.30) | 8.57 (6.79–11.33) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 2 h plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 12.77 ± 4.44 | 15.58 ± 5.63 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Fasting C-peptide (ng/mL)† | 1.71 (1.07–2.59) | 1.65 (0.88–2.43) | 0.616 | 0.102 |
| 2-h Postprandial C-peptide(ng/mL)† | 3.84 (2.15–5.68) | 3.34 (1.9–5.48) | 0.105 | 0.732 |
| Glycated hemoglobin A1C (%) | 8.82 ± 2.42 | 10.86 ± 2.50 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Mean femoral IMT (mm) | 0.89 ± 0.20 | 0.85 ± 0.16 | 0.005 | 0.045 |
| Mean carotid IMT (mm) | 0.87 ± 0.24 | 0.79 ± 0.23 | <0.001 | 0.849 |
| Carotid plaques, n (%) | 283 (49.4%) | 88 (29.9%) | <0.001 | 0.135 |
| Lower limb plaques, n (%) | 443 (77.3%) | 163 (55.4%) | <0.001 | 0.052 |
| Carotid stenosis, n (%) | 24 (4.2%) | 9 (3.1%) | 0.412 | 0.425 |
| Lower limb stenosis, n (%) | 97 (16.9%) | 14 (4.8%) | <0.001 | 0.010 |
| Diabetic retinopathy, n (%) | 171 (29.8%) | 47 (16.0%) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Diabetic nephropathy, n (%) | 163 (28.4%) | 26 (8.8%) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Cardio-cerebrovascular events, n (%) | 132 (23%) | 23 (7.8%) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, or median with interquartile range, or percentages.
†
Non-normal distribution of continuous variables. The P-values were not adjusted for age and sex for trend.
*
The P values were adjusted for age and sex for trend.