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. 2014 Aug 7;3(5):630–641. doi: 10.1002/mbo3.194

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Arginine and arginine decarboxylase promote swarming through conservation of μH+. (A–C) SWA with or without 20 mmol/L arginine were inoculated with Proteus mirabilis HI4320. Disks impregnated with DMSO or 10 mmol/L CCCP were placed on the surface of the plates and the zone of inhibition of motility was measured. (A) Measurement of the zone of inhibition of swarming. Error bars represent mean ± SD for four independent experiments with three replicates each. ***P < 0.001 by Student's t-test. (B) Representative image of swarming on SWA. (C) Representative image of swarming on SWA supplemented with arginine. (D) Representative images of SWA plates inoculated with P. mirabilis HI4320 and isogenic mutants after incubation at 37°C for 18 h. The speA mutant was chemically complemented by 20 mmol/L agmatine or by spreading 50 μL of 50 mmol/L putrescine on the surface of the plate. White lines indicate total swarm diameter. (E) Measurement of the zone of inhibition of swarming for P. mirabilis HI4320 and speA. Where indicated, 50 μL of 50 mmol/L putrescine was spread on the surface of the plates. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 by Student's t-test.