TABLE 1.
Study characteristics
| Characteristic | Author (reference), year | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Chen et al (23), 2012 | Chiu et al (25), 2003 (low-dose PPI)* | Lau et al (24), 2000 | Cheng et al (16), 2005 | Cheng et al (16), 2005 (low-dose PPI) | Zargar et al (13), 2006 | Choi et al (18), 2009 | Choi et al (18), 2009 (low-dose PPI) | |
| Forrest classification | Ia to IIa | Ia to IIb | Ia to IIa | SRH, Major | SRH, Major | Ia to IIa | Ia to IIb | Ia to IIb |
| Study period | January 2008 to August 2010 | August 1999 to January 2001 | May 1998 to July 1999 | January 2001 to April 2003 | January 2001 to April 2003 | January 2001 to August 2003 | May 2004 to April 2008 | May 2004 to April 2008 |
| n in arm | 100 | 100 | 120 | 52 | 53 | 102 | 19 | 21 |
| ASA score (1 to 5) | 1 or 2: 65% | 1: 43% | 1 or 2: 58.3% | 2: 7% | 2: 4% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 3: 26% | 2: 37% | 3: 26.7% | 3: 26% | 3: 29% | ||||
| 4: 8% | 3: 15% | 4: 15% | 4: 19% | 4: 19% | ||||
| 4: 1% | 5: 1% | 5: 0% | ||||||
| Hemodynamic Instability, % | 28.00 | 46.80 | 13.30 | N/A | N/A | 27.50 | N/A | N/A |
| Comorbid illness, % | N/A | 69.10 | 25 | 100 | 100 | 24.5 | 42.1 | 47.60 |
| Active bleeding, % | 42.00 | 49 | 53.3 | N/A | N/A | 36.3 | 31.6 | 14.3 |
| Ulcer size, cm, mean ± SD | 1.09±0.54 | 0.9±0.5 | 1.2±1.1 | 1.2±0.8 | 1.2±1 | 1.2±0.8 | 1.4±1.2 | 1.4±0.8 |
| Duodenal ulcer, % | 47.00 | 57.00 | 54.20 | 36.50 | 37.70 | 82.40 | 57.90 | 38.10 |
| Gastric ulcer, % | 53.00 | 43.00 | 44.00 | 53.80 | 54.70 | 17.60 | 42.10 | 61.90 |
| Endoscopic treatment | Epinephrine injection + heater probe | Epinephrine injection + heater probe | Epinephrine injection + heater probe | Epinephrine injection + heater probe | Epinephrine injection + heater probe | Epinephrine injection + heater probe | Epinephrine injection + APC or hemoclips | Epinephrine injection + APC or hemoclips |
| Pharmacological treatment | Pantoprazole 80 mg IV bolus then 8 mg/h × 72 h | Omeprazole 40 mg IV BID × 3 days | Omeprazole 80 mg IV bolus then 8 mg/h × 72 h | Omeprazole 80 mg IV bolus then 200 mg/day × 72 h | Omeprazole 80 mg IV bolus then 80 mg/day × 72 h | Pantoprazole 80 mg IV bolus then 8 mg/h × 72 h | Pantoprazole 80 mg IV bolus then 8 mg/h × 72 h | Pantoprazole 40 mg IV bolus then 4 mg/h × 72 h |
| NSAID use, % | 39 | 6.4† | 32.5 | 25 | 22.60 | 18 | 57.90 | 57.10 |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 65.5 (15) | 67.5 (12.6) | 64 (17.2) | 62.5 (12.5) | 65.8 (13.8) | 55.3 (9.2) | 61 (16.5) | 57.4 (14.5) |
| Sex, male/female, %/% | 79/21 | 66/34 | 66.7/33.3 | 69.2/30.8 | 58.5/41.5 | 68.6/31.4 | 89.5/10.5 | 85.7/14.3 |
| Modified Jadad score | 9 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 6 |
*
No second-look endoscopy arm;
†
Only acetylsalicylic acid use reported. APC Argon plasma coagulation; ASA American Association of Anesthesiologists; BID Twice per day; IV Intravenous; N/A Not applicable; NSAID Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PPI Proton pump inhibitor; SRH Stigmata of recent hemorrhage