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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 17.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Biol. 2010 Feb 11;20(4):300–309. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.12.055

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Oscillators within GRNs are necessary and sufficient for PrER rhythms. (a) PDP1 and ELAV immunostaining in GRNs of Pdp13135 mutant flies collected at ZT17 and wild-type flies collected at CT5 and CT17. Anti-ELAV immunostaining (ELAV) is shown in red, anti-PDP1 immunostaining (PDP1) is shown in green, and co-localized PDP1 and ELAV immunostaining (ELAV + PDP1) is shown in yellow. (b) PrER responses were measured at ZT1 and ZT17 in wild-type flies bearing the Gr5a-Gal4, UAS-cycDN, or Gr5a-Gal4 + UAS--cycDN transgenes. The differences in mean PrER responses at ZT1 and ZT17 are significant (p < 0.001) in flies containing Gr5a-Gal4 and UAS-cycDN alone, but are not significant (p < 0.30) in flies carrying Gr5a-Gal4 + UAS-cycDN(c) PrER responses were measured at ZT1 and ZT17 in cyc01 flies carrying the Gr5a-Gal4, UAS-cyc, or UAS-cyc + Gr5a-Gal4 transgenes. There are no significant (p > 0.30) differences in PrER responses at ZT17 and ZT1 in cyc01 flies carrying either UAS-cyc or Gr5a-Gal4. The differences in mean PrER responses at ZT1 and ZT17 are significant (p < 0.001) in cyc01 flies carrying UAS-cyc + Gr5a-Gal4. Asterisks denote a significant (p < 0.05) change in PrER responses between ZT17 and ZT1. All values are mean +/− S.E.M.