Table 1.
Comparison of the Write Start Group With the Standard Instruction Group on Pretest and Follow-Up Scores on the ETCH–M and WJIII Writing Fluency and Writing Samples Tests
| Write Start Group (n = 77), Mean (SD) |
Standard Instruction Group (n = 55), Mean (SD) |
|||||
| Measure | Pretest | Follow-up | Pretest | Follow-up | F (p) | Effect size, Cohen’s d |
| ETCH–M | ||||||
| Lowercase legibility, % | 59.5 (20.9) | 88.2 (13.4) | 68.2 (20.4) | 86.7 (15.0) | 11.5 (.001) | 0.59 |
| Lowercase speed, s | 221.2 (121.7) | 81.2 (41.3) | 190.1 (109.7) | 95.4 (38.5) | 5.9 (.016) | 0.58 |
| WJIII | ||||||
| Writing Samples, raw scores | 7.4 (2.6) | 10.6 (1.7) | 7.8 (2.7) | 10.7 (1.8) | 0.6 (.456) | 0.11 |
| Writing Fluency, raw scores | 1.3 (2.0) | 8.9 (5.0) | 1.6 (3.0) | 7.0 (5.3) | 8.0 (.005) | 0.58 |
Note. ETCH–M = Evaluation Tool of Children’s Handwriting–Manuscript; SD = standard deviation; WJIII = Woodcock–Johnson III Tests of Achievement.