Table 3.
Characteristics of overall cohort a
| Preintervention ( n = 11,256) | Postintervention ( n = 11,709) | P -value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | October 2010 to September 2011 | October 2011 to October 2012 | |
| Age, yr, mean ± SD | 59.62 ± 19 | 59.53 ± 19 | 0.714 |
| Male, n (%) | 5,705 (50.7) | 5,924 (50.6) | 0.891 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 26.9 ± 6 | 27.1 ± 6 | 0.055 |
| SAPS III score, mean ± SD | 42.49 ± 15 | 42.06 ± 15 | 0.027 |
| Charlson index score, median (IQR) | 1 (0; 2) | 1 (0; 2) | 0.106 |
| Admission type, n (%) | 0.021 | ||
| Medical | 8,399 (74.6) | 8,549 (73.0) | |
| Elective surgical | 2,547 (22.6) | 2,285 (24.1) | |
| Emergency surgical | 310 (2.8) | 333 (2.8) | |
| Diagnosis category, n (%) | |||
| Cardiovascular | 3,390 (30.1) | 3,480 (29.7) | 0.512 |
| Sepsis | 1,386 (12.3) | 1,653 (14.1) | <0.001 |
| Neurological | 1,376 (12.2) | 1,336 (11.4) | 0.056 |
| Respiratoryb | 778 (6.9) | 645 (5.5) | <0.001 |
| Orthopedic surgery | 733 (6.5) | 814 (7.0) | 0.184 |
| Neurosurgery | 218 (1.9) | 267 (2.3) | 0.070 |
| Thoracic surgery | 89 (0.8) | 99 (0.8) | 0.645 |
| Cardiac surgery | 625 (5.6) | 706 (6.0) | 0.122 |
| Resources during ICU, n (%) | |||
| RRTc | 410 (3.6) | 414 (3.5) | 0.665 |
| Vasopressorsc | 1,838 (16.3) | 2,055 (17.6) | 0.013 |
| Noninvasive ventilationc | 1,735 (15.4) | 1,314 (11.2) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | |||
| During ICU stay | 2,446 (21.7) | 2,405 (20.5) | 0.027 |
| At ICU admission | 1,677 (14.9) | 1,673 (14.3) | 0.190 |
| ICU LOS, days | |||
| Mean ± SD | 4.20 ± 6.5 | 3.87 ± 5.3 | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 2 (1; 4) | 2 (1; 4) | 0.095 |
| Total hospital LOS, days | |||
| Mean ± SD | 13.29 ± 22.6 | 12.94 ± 20.1 | 0.215 |
| Median (IQR) | 7 (4; 14) | 7 (4; 14) | 0.110 |
| Mortality, % (95% CI) | |||
| ICU mortality | 9.5% (9.0; 10.0) | 7.3% (6.8; 7.7) | <0.001 |
| Hospital mortality | 14.1% (13.5; 14.8) | 11.9% (11.3; 12.5) | <0.001 |
aBMI, Body mass index; ICU, Intensive care unit; LOS, Length of stay; MV, Mechanical ventilation; RRT, Renal replacement therapy; SAPS III, Simplified Acute Physiology Score III. bRespiratory diagnosis except pneumonia. cData were missing for two patients.