Table 1.
Patient demographic and encounter characteristics
| Variable | All candidemia | Fluconazole prophylaxis | No prophylaxis | P value a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ( n = 227) | ( n = 33) | ( n = 194) | ||
| Age (years) | 62.4 (15.0) | 61.7 (13.7) | 62.5 (15.2) | 0.6188 |
| Female gender | 118 (52.0%) | 20 (60.6%) | 98 (50.5%) | 0.2835 |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 167 (73.6%) | 24 (72.7%) | 143 (73.7%) | 0.4575 |
| African American | 45 (19.8%) | 9 (27.3%) | 36 (18.6%) | |
| Asian | 2 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.0%) | |
| Other known | 9 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (4.6%) | |
| Unknown | 4 (1.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (2.1%) | |
| Admission source | ||||
| Hospital/other care facility | 35 (15.4%) | 5 (15.2%) | 30 (15.5%) | 0.1363 |
| SNF/NH | 3 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (1.5%) | |
| Emergency room | 102 (44.9%) | 21 (63.6%) | 81 (41.8%) | |
| Other | 78 (34.4%) | 7 (21.2%) | 71 (36.6%) | |
| Unknown | 9 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (4.6%) | |
| Urgent/emergent admission | 142 (62.6%) | 28 (84.8%) | 114 (58.8%) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | 2.1 (2.4) | 2.4 (2.9) | 2.0 (2.3) | 0.9624 |
| Comorbid conditions | ||||
| Diabetes | 56 (24.7%) | 10 (30.3%) | 46 (23.7%) | 0.4168 |
| Hypertension | 83 (36.6%) | 10 (30.3%) | 73 (37.6%) | 0.4192 |
| Coronary artery disease | 29 (12.8%) | 7 (21.2%) | 22 (11.3%) | 0.1163 |
| Heart failure | 32 (14.1%) | 6 (18.2) | 26 (13.4%) | 0.4657 |
| Prior stroke/TIA | 12 (5.3%) | 5 (15.2%) | 7 (3.6%) | 0.0062 |
| COPD/bronchiectasis | 36 (15.9%) | 6 (18.2%) | 30 (15.5%) | 0.6927 |
| Encounter events | ||||
| Bacteremia during index encounter | 94 (41.4%) | 18 (54.5%) | 76 (39.2%) | 0.0975 |
| ICU exposure during index encounter | 135 (59.5%) | 30 (90.9%) | 105 (54.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Respiratory failure prior to positive BCx for Candida | 154 (67.8) | 25 (75.8) | 129 (66.5) | 0.2923 |
| IV vasopressor prior to positive BCx for Candida | 123 (54.2) | 24 (72.7) | 99 (51.0) | 0.0207 |
| Baseline laboratory parameters | ||||
| WBC (k/mm3) | 12.8 (8.6) | 13.2 (11.2) | 12.7 (8.1) | 0.597 |
| Neutropenia (ANC <500 cells/mm3) any time | 27 (11.9%) | 9 (27.3%) | 18 (9.3%) | 0.0181 |
| Blood glucose (mg/dl) | 146.5 (72.2) | 145.4 (66.4) | 146.7 (73.3) | 0.8315 |
| eGFR (ml/minute/1.73 m2) | 65.4 (45.8) | 69.8 (69.0) | 64.6 (40.7) | 0.8255 |
| Time from presentation to positive BCx for Candida draw | ||||
| < 48 hours | 16 (7.0%) | 1 (3.0%) | 15 (7.7%) | 0.1914 |
| 48 to 96 hours | 12 (5.3%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (6.2%) | |
| > 96 hours | 199 (87.8%) | 32 (97.0%) | 167 (86.1%) | |
| Time from presentation to initial procedure of interest | ||||
| On the day of admission | 70 (30.8%) | 10 (30.3%) | 60 (30.9%) | 0.5945 |
| 1 to 2 days | 44 (19.4%) | 7 (21.2%) | 37 (19.1%) | |
| ≥ 3 days | 113 (49.8%) | 16 (48.5%) | 97 (50.0%) | |
| Antifungal therapy within 30 days prior to admission | 3 (1.3%) | 1 (3.0%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0.3525 |
Data presented as mean (standard deviation) or number (percentage). ANC, absolute neutrophil count; BCx, blood culture; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IV, intravenous; SNF/NH, skilled nursing facility/nursing home; TIA, transischemic attack; WBC, white blood cell count. a P value for the comparison between fluconazole prophylaxis and nonprophylaxis.