Table 2.

Pooled prevalence of Salmonella by host species

Host species	Pooled estimate		Heterogeneity
	p (95% CI)	Z-p	I 2	Q- p	Q/df
Ruminants†	7.47 (4.75,11. 58)	0.000	73.4	0.000	3.76
Cattle	7.07 (2.05,16.17)	0.000	89.1	0.000	9.17
Sheep	8.41 (4.77,14.42)	0.000	39.9	0.189	1.67
Goats	9.01 (3.88, 19.62)	0.000	69.4	0.038	3.27
Pigs	43.81 (38.89,48.85)	0.000	0.0	0.680	0.09

df, degrees of freedom; I², Inverse variance index; Q-p, probability value of Cochran’s Q test; Z-p, probability value of Z test.

^†Slaughtered ruminants; all single study omitted pooled estimates were within the 95% confidence limits of the overall mean.