Table 3.

Performance of dogs and wolves according to the ratios tested in the quantity discrimination test.

		Quantity discrimination test				Time control				Stone control
Ratio	Sets	Dog		Wolf		Dog		Wolf		Dog		Wolf
0.25	1:4	t7 = 2.58	p = 0.036	t9 = 5.28	p = 0.001	t7 = 3.33	p = 0.013	t9 = 3.43	p = 0.008	t7 = 0.80	p = 0.45	t9 = 3.32	p = 0.009
		67.19%		77.50%		71.88%		71.25%		53.13%		69.74%
0.33	1:3	t 7 = 4.00	textitp = 0.005	t9 = 5.10	p = 0.001
		75.00%		71.60%
0.50	1:2	t7 = 4.78	p = 0.002	t9 = 6.10	p < 0.001	t7 = -2.50	p = 0.041	t9 = 2.64	p = 0.027	t7 = 1.16	p = 0.29	t9 = 2.10	p = 0.065
		71.88%		73.42%		39.06%		65.82%		54.69%		60.53%
0.50	2:4	t 7 = 3.99	p = 0.005	t9 = 4.20	p = 0.002
		75.00%		68.75%
0.67	2:3	t 7 = 0.61	p = 0.56	t9 = 3.21	p = 0.011	t7 = -0.36	p = 0.73	t9 = 2.95	p = 0.016	t7 = 0.24	p = 0.82	t9 = 3.798	p = 0.004
		53.13%		62.96%		48.44%		62.96%		51.56%		71.05%
0.75	3:4	t 7 = -0.68	p = 0.52	t9 = 3.82	p = 0.004
		46.88%		68.35%

The p-values indicate whether the subjects performed above (light gray cells) or below (dark gray cell) chance level (one-sample t-tests). Stone control: wolves: 67.11%; dogs: 53.13%.