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. 2014 Oct 16;6(2):e185. doi: 10.5210/ojphi.v6i2.5421

Table 2. Comparison of selected indicators by health centers’ provision of telemedicine services.

Variables Provided no telemedicine services Provided one telemedicine service Provided two or more telemedicine services ANOVA or X 2 significance
Distribution (n) 396 147 82
Distribution (% out of 625) 63.4% 23.5% 13.1%
Meaningful Use (MU) compliance
Core MU compliance now 10.5% 10.2% 23.2% 0.005
Menu MU compliance now 25.4% 23.8% 40.2% 0.014
Stage 1 MU compliance now 6.2% 4.1% 14.6% 0.007
EHR operation
Full 45.6% 42.2% 51.2% 0.650
Partial 23.6% 23.8% 23.2%
None 30.8% 34.0% 25.6%
Duration of EHR operation
Less than a year ago 30.7% 28.9% 30.0% 0.419
1-2 years ago 30.0% 38.1% 25.0%
3+ years ago 39.3% 33.0% 45.0%
Has received PCMH recognition 6.8% 7.5% 2.4% 0.280
Received technical assistance from a REC or sub-contractor 32.3% 40.8% 36.6% 0.172
Location
Rural 34.8% 48.3% 54.9% 0.000
Urban 47.0% 30.6% 28.0% 0.000
Both 18.2% 21.1% 17.1% 0.683
Health center patient population variables
Mean total patients 17,285 19,769 21,077 .214
Mean percentage Medicaid patients 33.8% 31.1% 30.4% .082
Mean percentage uninsured patients 40.8% 39.8% 40.2% .877
Mean percentage elderly patients 7.1% 8.2% 8.7% .012
Mean percentage Medicare patients 7.7% 8.9% 8.7% .061
Mean percentage minority patients 48.6% 46.0% 46.8% .693
Mean percentage patients requiring translation services 20.9% 20.3% 21.3% .960
Health center staffing variables
Physicians FTEs per 10,000 patients 4.7 4.5 4.9 0.703
Mid-level providers FTEs per 10,000 patients 3.5 4.0 5.2 0.000
Medical FTEs per 10,000 patients 23.2 23.7 25.9 0.035
Dental FTEs per 10,000 patients 4.5 4.7 5.2 0.491
Mental health FTEs per 10,000 patients 2.0 2.6 2.4 0.030
Substance abuse FTEs per 10,000 patients 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.919
Enabling services providers FTEs per 10,000 patients 7.1 8.0 7.0 0.596
Quality measures
Percentage of diabetic patients with HbA1c levels <7% 38.6% 42.2% 40.6% .007
Percentage of diabetic patients with HbA1c levels <9% 70.4% 73.5% 71.0% .053
BP control among hypertensive patients 62.8% 61.7% 60.3% .337
Childhood immunization rate 63.9% 63.3% 64.9% .885
Low or very low birth weight births rate 8.7% 8.6% 7.6% .778
Pap test rate 55.4% 51.9% 53.4% .203
Percentage of pregnant women with first prenatal visit in the first trimester 69.1% 71.8% 73.3% .093
Funding variables
Percentage of of total revenue from Medicaid 30.5% 28.7% 27.9% .303
Mean Medicaid dollars per patient $555 $593 $604 .364
Received ARRA funding 70.7% 74.7% 81.7% .110
Mean American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) New Access Point (NAP) and Increased Demand for Services (IDS) funds $154,794 $128,041 $135,722 .207
Mean ARRA Capital Improvement Project funds (CIP) and Facility Investment Program (FIP) $146,088 $173,186 $192,444 .195
Percentage of total revenue from ARRA funds 5.7% 4.1% 4.3% .086
Mean ARRA funds per patient $41 $24 $28 .469
Mean ARRA funds per uninsured patient $100 $77 $98 .537
Mean state and local funds $1,312,620 $1,272,824 $1,501,310 .780
Percentage of total revenue from state and local funds 10.6% 9.6% 12.1% .341
Mean state and local funds per patient $77 $72 $152 .002
Mean state and local funds per uninsured patient $223 $217 $1,587 .024
Percentage of total revenue from state and local funds 10.6% 9.6% 12.1% .341