Table 2.

Extraction solvents and times commonly applied for pre-extracting passive sampling polymers

Polymer	Target compounds	Pre-extraction solvent	Extraction time (h)	Reference
POM	PAHs (HPLC, GC-MS), PCBs (GC-ECD, GC-MS)	Hexane, methanol, acetonitrile Hexane, methanol	2 2	Jonker and Koelmans (2001); Hawthorne et al. (2009, 2011)
	Oil (GC-FID)	Hexane/acetone	6	Muijs and Jonker (2011, 2012)
PE	PCBs, PAHs, DDTs, PBDEs, triclosan	Dichloromethane, hexane, acetone	24	Fernandez et al. (2009a, 2009b, 2012); Perron et al. (2009, 2013a, 2013b)
PDMS-SPME	PAHs (HPLC)	Methanol, water, acetonitrile	3	Muijs and Jonker (2009, 2012)
	Oil (GC-FID)	Heptane	3	Muijs and Jonker (2011, 2012)
	PAHs, PCBs, other semivolatiles	Thermal desorption	0.5	ASTM (2007); Reible and Lotufo (2012)
Silicone rubber	PAHs, PCBs	Ethyl acetate	100	Smedes et al. (2009)

PDMS-SPME = polydimethylsiloxane-solid phase microextraction; PE = polyethylene; POM = polyoxymethylene.