Table 1.
Clinical grouping of bacteriuria episodes
| Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) | Noncatheter-associated significant bacteriuria with no locala or systemicb signs or symptoms and no inflammatory marker elevation |
| ASB with raised inflammatory markers (ASB-RIM) | Noncatheter-associated significant bacteriuria with no local or systemic signs or symptoms but with raised inflammatory markersc |
| Urinary tract infection (UTI) | Noncatheter-associated significant bacteriuria with one or more local or systemic signs or symptoms not attributable to another cause |
| Catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria (CA-ASB) | Catheter-associatedd significant bacteriuria with no local or systemic signs or symptoms and no inflammatory marker elevation |
| CA-ASB with raised inflammatory markers (CA-ASB-RIM) | Catheter-associated significant bacteriuria with no local or systemic signs or symptoms but with raised inflammatory markers |
| Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) | Catheter-associated significant bacteriuria with one or more local or systemic signs or symptoms not attributable to another cause |
Notes:
a
Local signs and symptoms included as relevant were dysuria, frequency, hematuria, suprapubic pain or tendernessss, and flank pain or tenderness
b
systemic signs and symptoms included as relevant were fever ≥37.5°C, acute confusion, and urosepsis syndrome (urosepsis syndrome was defined as two or more of: T° ≥38.0°C, heart rate >90 per minute, respiratory rate >20 per minute, white cell count >12×109 cells/L, plus significant bacteriuria, and no other infectious source)
c
a neutrophil count of ≥7.5×109 cells/L or a C-reactive protein level of ≥30 mg/L was considered elevated
d
catheter-associated infection includes individuals who had a urinary catheter removed within the previous 48 hours.