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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Neurol. 2013 Sep 20;250:43–51. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.09.009

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Time-course of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption during EAE development. A. Dual IF for CD31 (Alexa Fluor-488, green) and fibrinogen (Cy3, red) was performed on frozen sections of cervical spinal cord taken from 0, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 35 days post-immunization. B. Dual IF for laminin (Alexa Fluor-488, green) and fibrinogen (Cy3, red). C. Dual IF for CD31 (Alexa Fluor-488, green) and MHC II (Cy3, red). Scale bar (in A–C) = 100 μm. D. Higher power (magnified) images taken from panels A and B. Scale bar = 50 μm. Note that no extravascular fibrinogen was evident in control tissue, and that while in 4 and 7 day EAE spinal cord, fibrinogen leak was evident in all size vessels, with increasing time (14 days onwards), fibrinogen leak was largely restricted to bigger vessels (see arrows). In contrast to fibrinogen leakage, leukocyte infiltration was not evident until day 14 post-immunization (see arrows in C).