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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 18.
Published in final edited form as: J Adolesc Health. 2012 Mar;50(3 0):S75–S82. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.010

Table 5.

Mean (and standard errors) of health risk behaviors, by cluster of risk for males and females in three cities

Risk
behaviors		 Hanoi
 Shanghai
 Taipei
Total Cluster
1		 Cluster
2		 Cluster
3		 Cluster
4		 Cluster
5		 Total Cluster
1		 Cluster
2		 Cluster
3		 Cluster
4		 Total Cluster
1		 Cluster
2		 Cluster
3		 Cluster
4		 Cluster
5
Males
Smoking 0.84
(0.02)		 0.26bcde
(0.01)		 2.21acde
(0.03)		 0.48abde
(0.03)		 2.69abce
(0.03)		 2.50abcd
(0.05)		 0.78
(0.02)		 0.15bcd
(0.02)		 1.63ad
(0.02)		 1.52ad
(0.03)		 2.35abc
(0.07)		 0.84
(0.02)		 0.36bde
(0.03)		 1.12acde
(0.04)		 0.43bde
(0.03)		 2.69abc
(0.05)		 2.37abc
(0.09)
Drinking 0.73
(0.01)		 0.55bcde
(0.01)		 0.71ade
(0.03)		 0.75ade
(0.04)		 1.42abc
(0.03)		 1.41abc
(0.061)		 0.58
(0.01)		 0.32bcd
(0.01)		 0.93a
(0.02)		 0.94a
(0.02)		 1.04a
(0.06)		 0.57
(0.01)		 0.37bcde
(0.02)		 0.65ade
(0.02)		 0.58ade
(0.02)		 1.01abc
(0.03)		 1.21abc
(0.06)
Gambling 0.45
(0.02)		 0.00cde
(0.01)		 0.02cde
(0.04)		 2.75abd
(0.04)		 1.11abce
(0.03)		 2.82abd
(0.06)		 0.53
(0.02)		 0.00cd
(0.01)		 0.00cd
(0.01)		 3.00abd
(0.01)		 0.77abc
(0.02)		 1.13
(0.03)		 0.00cde
(0.01)		 0.00cde
(0.01)		 3.00abde
(0.01)		 2.90abce
(0.02)		 2.62abcd
(0.03)
Drag use 0.01
(0.00)		 0.00de
(0.00)		 0.01
(0.01)		 0.00e
(0.01)		 0.04a
(0.01)		 0.07ac
(0.02)		 0.02
(0.00)		 0.01cd
(0.01)		 0.01d
(0.01)		 0.05ad
(0.01)		 0.14abc
(0.02)		 0.07
(0.01)		 0.02de
(0.01)		 0.06de
(0.02)		 0.02de
(0.01)		 0.25abce
(0.02)		 0.72abcd
(0.04)
Running
 away		 0.16
(0.01)		 0.04bcde
(0.01)		 0.78acd
(0.03)		 0.21abe
(0.03)		 0.17abe
(0.02)		 0.91acd
(0.05)		 0.21
(0.01)		 0.11cd
(0.01)		 0.18cd
(0.02)		 0.37abd
(0.03)		 1.44abc
(0.06)		 0.19
(0.01)		 0.08bde
(0.02)		 0.19ae
(0.03)		 0.13e
(0.02)		 0.22ae
(0.03)		 2.04abcd
(0.06)
Fighting 0.26
(0.01)		 0.16bce
(0.01)		 0.72ade
(0.04)		 0.69ade
(0.04)		 0.17bce
(0.03)		 0.43abcd
(0.06)		 0.19
(0.01)		 0.11cd
(0.01)		 0.16cd
(0.02)		 0.40abd
(0.02)		 0.73abc
(0.05)		 0.25
(0.01)		 0.18e
(0.02)		 0.15e
(0.03)		 0.26e
(0.03)		 0.31e
(0.04)		 1.48abcd
(0.07)
Suicidal 0.03
(0.00)		 0.02b
(0.00)		 0.07ad
(0.01)		 0.07
(0.01)		 0.01b
(0.01)		 0.06
(0.02)		 0.12
(0.01)		 0.11d
(0.01)		 0.09d
(0.02)		 0.14d
(0.02)		 0.59abc
(0.05)		 0.28
(0.02)		 0.27e
(0.02)		 0.20e
(0.04)		 0.24e
(0.03)		 0.12e
(0.05)		 1.67abcd
(0.09)
Sexual
 activity		 0.15
(0.01)		 0.06bde
(0.01)		 0.16ae
(0.03)		 0.06de
(0.03)		 0.23ace
(0.02)		 2.02abcd
(0.05)		 0.38
(0.02)		 0.06bcd
(0.02)		 0.59acd
(0.03)		 0.76abd
(0.03)		 2.66abc
(0.07)		 0.81
(0.02)		 0.00bcde
(0.02)		 2.17acde
(0.03)		 0.56abde
(0.03)		 1.91abc
(0.04)		 1.77abc
(0.07)
Total (0-24) 2.64
(0.05)		 1.10 L
(0.03)		 4.68 M
(0.08)		 5.00 M
(0.09)		 5.84 M
(0.07)		 10.21 H
(0.14)		 2.81
(0.06)		 0.86 L
(0.04)		 3.59 L
(0.06)		 7.19 M
(0.07)		 9.71 H
(0.17)		 4.13
(0.08)		 1.27 L
(0.06)		 4.55 M
(0.08)		 5.18 M
(0.08)		 9.41 H
(0.11)		 13.96 H
(0.21)
N 3235 2161 286 253 432 103 3033 1760 664 512 97 2486 1067 464 597 279 79
Weighted % 100% 66.8% 8.8% 7.8% 13.4% 3.2% 100% 58.0% 21.9% 16.9% 3.2% 100% 42.9% 18.7% 24.0% 11.2% 3.2%
Females
Smoking 0.06
(0.01)		 0.03bc
(0.00)		 0.14ac
(0.02)		 1.35ab
(0.03)		 -- -- 0.16
(0.01)		 0.11bc
(0.01)		 0.48ac
(0.02)		 0.62ab
(0.04)		 -- 0.36
(0.02)		 0.17bcd
(0.02)		 0.34acd
(0.02}d		 0.66abd
(0.04)		 2.57ab
(0.07)		 --
Drinking 0.21
(0.01)		 0.20c
(0.01)		 0.27c
(0.02)		 0.93ab
(0.05)		 -- -- 0.30
(0.01)		 0.26bc
(0.01)		 0.56a
(0.02)		 0.65a
(0.04)		 -- 0.44
(0.01)		 0.33bcd
(0.01)		 0.47acd
(0.02)		 0.64abd
(0.03)		 1.24abc
(0.05)		 --
Gambling 0.06
(0.01)		 0.00bc
(0.01)		 0.71a
(0.03)		 0.75a
(0.05)		 -- -- 0.11
(0.01)		 0.00c
(0.00)		 0.02c
(0.01)		 2.86ab
(0.01)		 -- 0.38
(0.02)		 0.00cd
(0.01)		 0.00cd
(0.01)		 3.00abd
(0.01)		 0.63abc
(0.03)		 --
Drag use 0.00
(0.00)		 0.00c
(0.00)		 0.00c
(0.00)		 0.06ab
(0.01)		 -- -- 0.00
(0.00)		 0.00c
(0.00)		 0.01
(0.01)		 0.03a
(0.01)		 -- 0.04
(0.01)		 0.01cd
(0.01)		 0.03d
(0.01)		 0.07ad
(0.02)		 0.55abc
(0.03)		 --
Running
away		 0.03
(0.00)		 0.01c
(0.00)		 0.03c
(0.01)		 1.20ab
(0.02)		 -- -- 0.09
(0.01)		 0.06bc
(0.01)		 0.34a
(0.02)		 0.26a
(0.04)		 -- 0.19
(0.01)		 0.05bcd
(0.01)		 0.16acd
(0.02)		 0.29abd
(0.03)		 2.21abc
(0.06)		 --
Fighting 0.23
(0.01)		 0.09bc
(0.01)		 1.95ac
(0.03)		 0.64ab
(0.06)		 -- -- 0.05
(0.00)		 0.04c
(0.00)		 0.07c
(0.02)		 0.19ab
(0.02)		 -- 0.13
(0.01)		 0.09cd
(0.01)		 0.12d
(0.02)		 0.21ad
(0.03)		 0.63abc
(0.05)		 --
Suicidal 0.05
(0.01)		 0.03bc
(0.01)		 0.18ac
(0.02)		 0.48ab
(0.04)		 -- -- 0.16
(0.01)		 0.13bc
(0.01)		 0.29a
(0.03)		 0.42a
(0.05)		 -- 0.44
(0.02)		 0.02bcd
(0.02)		 0.94acd
(0.03)		 0.45abd
(0.05)		 2.25abc
(0.09)		 --
Sexual
 activity		 0.05
(0.01)		 0.03c
(0.01)		 0.07c
(0.02)		 1.15ab
(0.04)		 -- -- 0.20
(0.01)		 0.00bc
(0.00)		 2.23ac
(0.02)		 0.33ad
(0.02)		 -- 0.61
(0.02)		 0.00bcd
(0.02)		 1.44acd
(0.03)		 0.76abd
(0.04)		 1.91abc
(0.09)		 --
Total (0.24) 0.69
(0.02)		 0.39 L
(0.02)		 3.35 M
(0.06)		 6.57 H
(0.12)		 -- -- 1.06
(0.03)		 0.60 L
(0.02)		 3.99 M
(0.07)		 5.36 H
(0.10)		 -- 2.54
(0.06)		 0.65 L
(0.05)		 3.48 L
(0.06)		 6.04 M
(0.10)		 11.68 H
(0.19)		 --
N 2921 2671 203 47 -- -- 3005 2644 250 111 -- 2364 1250 746 285 83 --
Weighted % 100% 91.4% 6.9% 1.6% -- 100% 88.0% 8.3% 3.7% -- 100% 52.9% 31.6% 12.0% 3.5% --

Differences between clusters for the means of each risk behavior were tested using general linear models cpntrolling for age, residence, education level, school status and economic status.

a

: Compared with cluster 1 p≥0.01;

b

: Compared with cluster 2 p≤0.01 ;

c

: Compared with cluster 3 p≤0.01

d

: Compared with cluster 4 p≤0.01;

e

: Compared with cluster 5 p≤0.01;

L

: Low risk;

M

: Moderate risk;

H

: High risk.