Table 4.
Normal, Borderline and Clinical Classifications Based on High-Scoring Norms Applied to Youth Self-Report of Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Kenyan Youth from the School-Based Sample
| Total a
|
Boys
|
Girls
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Empirically-Derived Syndromes | ||||||
| Anxious/Depressed | ||||||
| Normal | 212 | 87.6 | 108 | 90.8 | 104 | 84.6 |
| Borderline | 21 | 8.7 | 7 | 5.9 | 14 | 11.4 |
| Clinical | 9 | 3.7 | 4 | 3.4 | 5 | 4.1 |
| Withdrawn/Depressed | ||||||
| Normal | 224 | 92.6 | 113 | 95.0 | 111 | 90.2 |
| Borderline | 11 | 4.6 | 3 | 2.5 | 8 | 6.5 |
| Clinical | 7 | 2.9 | 3 | 2.5 | 4 | 3.3 |
| Somatic Complaints | ||||||
| Normal | 134 | 55.4 | 69 | 58.0 | 65 | 52.9 |
| Borderline | 63 | 26.0 | 27 | 22.7 | 36 | 29.3 |
| Clinical | 45 | 18.6 | 23 | 19.3 | 22 | 17.9 |
| Social Problems | ||||||
| Normal | 207 | 85.5 | 106 | 89.1 | 101 | 82.1 |
| Borderline | 14 | 5.8 | 4 | 3.4 | 10 | 8.1 |
| Clinical | 21 | 8.7 | 9 | 7.6 | 12 | 9.8 |
| Thought Problems | ||||||
| Normal | 219 | 90.5 | 110 | 92.4 | 109 | 88.6 |
| Borderline | 9 | 3.7 | 3 | 2.5 | 6 | 4.9 |
| Clinical | 14 | 5.8 | 6 | 5.0 | 8 | 6.5 |
| Attention Problems | ||||||
| Normal | 239 | 98.8 | 118 | 99.2 | 121 | 98.4 |
| Borderline | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Clinical | 3 | 1.2 | 1 | 0.8 | 2 | 1.6 |
| Rule-Breaking Behavior | ||||||
| Normal | 239 | 98.8 | 116 | 97.5 | 123 | 100.0 |
| Borderline | 3 | 1.2 | 3 | 2.5 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Clinical | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Aggressive Behavior | ||||||
| Normal | 232 | 95.9 | 116 | 97.5 | 116 | 94.3 |
| Borderline | 5 | 2.1 | 1 | 0.8 | 4 | 3.3 |
| Clinical | 5 | 2.1 | 2 | 1.7 | 3 | 2.4 |
| Internalizing Problems b | ||||||
| Normal | 119 | 49.2 | 72 | 60.5 | 47 | 38.2 |
| Borderline | 44 | 18.2 | 17 | 14.3 | 27 | 22.0 |
| Clinical | 79 | 32.6 | 30 | 25.2 | 49 | 39.8 |
| Externalizing Problems c | ||||||
| Normal | 229 | 94.6 | 114 | 95.8 | 115 | 93.5 |
| Borderline | 5 | 2.1 | 2 | 1.7 | 3 | 2.4 |
| Clinical | 8 | 3.3 | 3 | 2.5 | 5 | 4.1 |
| Total Problems d | ||||||
| Normal | 184 | 76.0 | 95 | 79.8 | 89 | 72.4 |
| Borderline | 34 | 14.1 | 17 | 14.3 | 17 | 13.8 |
| Clinical | 24 | 9.92 | 7 | 5.88 | 17 | 13.82 |
a
Total sample size = 242 school-based youth.
b
Internalizing is a compilation of Anxious/Depressed, Withdrawn/Depressed, & Somatic Complaints.
c
Externalizing is a compilation of Rule-Breaking Behavior & Aggressive Behavior.
d
Total problems is the sum of all problem item scores.