Fig. 4.
Protective effect of A. bidentata extract (AE) against the antimycin A-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Osteoblasts were pre-incubated with AE before treatment with 50 μM antimycin A (AMA) for 48 h. Data were expressed as percentage of control. The control values for a mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) b ATP level were 1.58 ± 0.06 red:green ratio, 18.96 ± 1.55 mOD/min/mg, and 0.582 ± 0.036 nmole/105 cells, respectively. *P < 0.05; control versus AMA, # P < 0.05; AMA versus AE