Table 1.

Density and diameter of the grown ZnO nanorods

Method	Temperature,°C	Current density, mA/cm 2	Electrolyte/source	Density, cm -2	Diameter of nanorods, nm	Morphological structure
Electrochemical deposition (this work)	75	-0.1	Zinc nitrate solution	1.45 × 109	100 to 275	Nanorods
		-0.5a		8.09 × 108	225 to 575	Nanorods
		-1.0		1.24 × 109	100 to 325	Nanorods
		-2.0a		3.53 × 108	200 to 825	Nanorods
		-3.0		7.47 × 108	250 to 500	Nanorods
	80	-0.1		5.60 × 108	243 to 500	Nanorods
		-1.0		-	-	Film-like structure
		-3.0		-	-	Film-like structure
	90	-0.1		6.22 × 108	214 to 500	Nanorods
		-1.0		-	-	Film-like structure
		-3.0		-	-	Film-like structure
Electrochemical deposition [14]	90	-0.15	Zinc nitrate solution	5.83 × 108	370 to 780	Nanorods
Electrochemical deposition [2]	80	-0.1	Zinc nitrate solution and HMTA	1.84 × 107	190 to 450	Nanorods
		-0.5		1.37 × 109	260 to 480	Nanorods
		-1.0		1.24 × 108	660 to 1,000	Nanorods
		-1.5		3.42 × 107	950 to 1,330	Nanocrystal
		-2.0		2.32 × 107	570 to 2,030	Rods
Hydrothermal process [18]	60	-	Zinc nitrate solution and HMTA	3.10 × 107	710	Nanorods
	80	-		3.00 × 107	680	Nanorods
	95	-		4.20 × 107	690	Nanorods
Thermal evaporation [1]	600	-	Zn powder and oxygen gas	-	-	Nanocluster
	800	-		6.86 × 109	50 to 150	Nanorods
	1,000	-		-	-	Thin film
Metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) [16]	400	-	Diethylzinc (DEZn) and oxygen gas	4.00 × 109	100 ± 10	Nanoneedles
	600	-		8.00 × 107	90 ± 20	Nanoneedles
	750	-		5.00 × 107	Not stated	Nanoneedles

^aSEM data not shown.