Table 1.
Characteristics of 652 Children from Project Viva, Overall, and by Sleep Curtailment Score †
| Characteristics | All N=652 |
Sleep Curtailment Score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 to 4 33 (5.1%) |
5 to 7 91 (13.9%) |
8 to 9 92 (14.1%) |
10 to 11 187 (28.7%) |
12 to 13 250 (38.3%) |
||
| Maternal and Household |
Mean (SD) or %
|
|||||
| Maternal age at enrollment, years | 32.1 (5.4) | 30.0 (6.7) | 31.0 (6.9) | 31.4 (7.4) | 32.6 (5.7) | 32.6 (4.9) |
| Maternal BMI, kg/m2 | 24.9 (5.3) | 27.2 (7.8) | 25.1 (6.6) | 26.2 (7) | 24.9 (5.8) | 24.1 (4.6) |
| Nulliparous, % | 43.1 | 23.0 | 41.0 | 47.6 | 40.9 | 46.5 |
| Education, ≥ College grad, % | 67.3 | 23.2 | 45.3 | 60.2 | 75.7 | 77.4 |
| Household income >$70k/yr, % | 61.6 | 21.6 | 40.6 | 49.0 | 66.3 | 75.6 |
| Child | ||||||
| Age at blood draw, years | 7.9 (0.8) | 8.1 (1.2) | 8.1 (1.1) | 8.1 (1) | 7.9 (0.8) | 7.7 (0.7) |
| Girl, % | 47.6 | 51.8 | 40.4 | 49.2 | 43.8 | 51.8 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | ||||||
| Black | 19.4 | 42.5 | 39.8 | 34.3 | 15.9 | 5.9 |
| Hispanic | 4.1 | 10.8 | 7.7 | 4.3 | 2.3 | 3.3 |
| Other | 14.6 | 28.1 | 22.2 | 17.9 | 13.8 | 9.4 |
| White | 61.9 | 18.7 | 30.3 | 43.5 | 67.9 | 81.4 |
| Mid-childhood behaviors | ||||||
| Television viewing, hours/day | 1.6 (1.0) | 2.6 (1.5) | 2.0 (1.3) | 1.7 (1.2) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.4 (0.8) |
| Physical activity, hours/day | 1.8 (1.3) | 1.8 (1.8) | 1.8 (1.5) | 1.7 (1.6) | 1.8 (1.4) | 1.9 (1.3) |
| Sugary drinks, servings/day | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.7 (1.4) | 0.7 (1.2) | 0.5 (1.2) | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.3 (0.5) |
| Cardio-metabolic outcomes | ||||||
| Body mass index, z-score | 0.40 (1.01) | 1.00 (5.58) | 0.60 (3.16) | 0.58 (3.07) | 0.35 (2.12) | 0.21 (1.61) |
| Metabolic Risk Score* | −0.03 (0.6) | 0.22 (0.9) | 0.05 (0.7) | 0.05 (0.7) | −0.04 (0.7) | −0.11 (0.6) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 59.9 (8.5) | 65.0 (13.1) | 61.9 (11.2) | 61.2 (9.8) | 59.8 (8.9) | 58.1 (7.1) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm/Hg | 54.3 (5.7) | 54.6 (6.9) | 54.6 (6.8) | 54.2 (5.9) | 53.9 (5.7) | 54.5 (6.2) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm/Hg | 94.4 (8.8) | 95.6 (11.1) | 95.1 (11.5) | 95.5 (9.6) | 94.4 (9.7) | 93.7 (8.7) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 57.9 (26.3) | 60.6 (34.6) | 56.2 (24.9) | 56.4 (26.3) | 58.6 (29.1) | 58.1 (26.2) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 160.1 (29.0) | 160.9 (34.3) | 160.8 (32.6) | 161.3 (33.1) | 159.4 (30.1) | 160.0 (29.5) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 57.4 (14.2) | 55.3 (16.3) | 58.1 (13.9) | 57.1 (14.2) | 58.0 (15.4) | 57.0 (14.5) |
| HOMA-IR | 1.8 (1.6) | 2.4 (2.1) | 2.0 (2.1) | 2.0 (1.8) | 1.8 (1.9) | 1.5 (1.2) |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 94.6 (16.1) | 95.6 (19.9) | 95.2 (17.7) | 95.8 (17.8) | 95.4 (16.6) | 93.2 (16.1) |
| Fasting insulin, uU/mL | 7.5 (5.9) | 10.2 (8.4) | 8.4 (7.4) | 8.2 (6.8) | 7.4 (6.9) | 6.7 (4.8) |
| Adiponectin, ug/mL | 15.6 (8.9) | 15.0 (11.9) | 14.8 (8.9) | 16.1 (11) | 15.3 (9.7) | 15.9 (9.4) |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 2555 (605) | 2568 (771) | 2577 (646) | 2481 (604) | 2539 (622) | 2586 (647) |
|
Medan (IQR)
|
||||||
| IL-6, pg/mL | 0.6 (0.7) | 0.9 (0.8) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.6 (0.6) | 0.6 (0.6) | 0.6 (0.7) |
| hsCRP, mg/dL | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.3 (1.6) | 0.2 (0.6) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.1 (0.3) |
†
The range of the total sleep score is 0–13, where 0 indicates the maximal sleep curtailment and 13 indicates never having curtailed sleep.
*
The metabolic risk score is composed of the mean of 5 sex-specific internal z-scores for waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, inverted HDL cholesterol, and log-transformed triglycerides and HOMA-IR.