Table 1.

The uses of prostate cancer biomarkers.

Type of biomarker	Use
Detection/screening	Evaluate patients with risk factors or symptoms of prostate cancer
Diagnostic	Assess presence or absence of cancer
Prognostic	Predict patient outcome
Predictive	Predict/monitor effectiveness of a treatment
Therapeutic target	Identify patients who will benefit from a particular treatment regimen
Surrogate endpoint	Substitute for a clinical endpoint and/or to measure clinical benefit

Adapted from Shariat et al. [2011].