Figure 1.

Effects of Panax ginseng on sperm motility parameters. Sperm motility are the results for the normal (N) and P. ginseng-treated (100, 500 and 1000 mg kg⁻¹) groups in the presence or absence of 10 mmol l^–1 1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N’,N’-tetra-acetic acid). (a) Sperm motility; (b) curvilinear velocity (μm s⁻¹); (c) amplitude of lateral head displacement (μm) and (d) Ca²⁺ levels. *Significantly different from the normal value (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). ^#The mean is significantly different from the control value (^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01).