Figure 3.

Task performance and temporal encoding during the NRP task. A, Overall performance in the task did not change from behavior to the movement-dissociated NRP task (NRP-o). B, Average measures from each scaled population determined from k-means analysis during NRP-b and NRP-o. A characteristic “fingerprint” for each scaled pattern is conserved across mode. C, Single-trial EMG during the BMI-o task; there was minimal EMG activation during performance of the NRP-o task compared with the behavioural task (BC) for the same animal; targeted muscles are as defined in Figure 1; however, EMG from a different animal (NRC.024) with greater SNR on left biceps femoris is shown here. D, No effect of task on the mean (+SEM) proportion of the total population of task-related neurons that displayed scaled activity. E, There was an effect of task on the distribution of scaled neurons: during the behavioral task, the majority of scaled neurons were slope scaled, while in the NRP-o task, the majority of neurons were response scaled. TPR, True positive rate; FPR, false postivie rate. ***p < 0.001.