Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
|
Characteristics |
No diabetes |
P |
Type 2 diabetes |
P |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Total |
No MetS |
MetS |
|
Total |
No MetS |
MetS |
|
| (n = 2,308) | (n = 1,515) | (n = 793) | (n = 561) | (n = 176) | (n = 385) | |||
| Subjects |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Age (years) |
57 ± 9 |
57 ± 9 |
57 ± 9 |
0.526 |
60 ± 9* |
61 ± 9 |
60 ± 8 |
0.219 |
| Men, n (%) |
1,155 (50) |
749 (49) |
406 (51) |
0.430 |
313 (56)† |
105 (60) |
208 (54) |
0.234 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) |
24.4 ± 2.8 |
23.6 ± 2.6 |
25.9 ± 2.5 |
<0.001 |
25.0 ± 3.0* |
23.1 ± 2.3 |
25.9 ± 3.0 |
<0.001 |
| Current smoking, n (%) |
277 (12) |
176 (12) |
101 (13) |
0.500 |
76 (14) |
23 (14) |
53 (14) |
0.876 |
| SBP (mmHg) |
126 ± 15 |
124 ± 14 |
130 ± 15 |
<0.001 |
128 ± 15† |
123 ± 13 |
130 ± 16 |
<0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) |
79 ± 10 |
78 ± 9 |
81 ± 10 |
<0.001 |
78 ± 10 |
76 ± 9 |
79 ± 10 |
<0.001 |
| Antihypertensive treatment, n (%) |
1,098 (49) |
628 (43) |
470 (61) |
<0.001 |
298 (54)† |
61 (36) |
237 (63) |
<0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) |
188 ± 35 |
187 ± 34 |
190 ± 37 |
0.047 |
181 ± 37* |
176 ± 36 |
183 ± 38 |
0.045 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) |
140 ± 91 |
115 ± 61 |
190 ± 114 |
<0.001 |
160 ± 102* |
105 ± 50 |
185 ± 109 |
<0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) |
51 ± 12 |
54 ± 12 |
45 ± 10 |
<0.001 |
48 ± 11* |
54 ± 11 |
46 ± 10 |
<0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) |
120 ± 33 |
120 ± 32 |
120 ± 34 |
0.850 |
114 ± 38* |
115 ± 42 |
114 ± 36 |
0.670 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) |
0.90 ± 0.16 |
0.90 ± 0.16 |
0.91 ± 0.16 |
0.182 |
0.91 ± 0.16 |
0.91 ± 0.17 |
0.90 ± 0.16 |
0.779 |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) |
82 ± 13 |
82 ± 13 |
82 ± 13 |
0.235 |
83 ± 14 |
83 ± 14 |
82 ± 14 |
0.513 |
| FBS (mg/dL) |
95 ± 10 |
93 ± 9 |
100 ± 11 |
<0.001 |
135 ± 43* |
133 ± 42 |
135 ± 44 |
0.584 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
11 ± 7 |
12 ± 7 |
10 ± 7 |
0.094 |
| Anti-diabetic treatment, n (%) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
433 (77) |
133 (76) |
300 (78) |
0.588 |
| Coronary atherosclerosis parameters, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Any plaque |
981 (43) |
597 (26) |
384 (48) |
<0.001 |
359 (64)* |
104 (59) |
255 (66) |
0.108 |
| CMP |
797 (35) |
480 (32) |
317 (40) |
<0.001 |
311 (55)* |
96 (55) |
215 (56) |
0.784 |
| NCP |
184 (8) |
117 (8) |
67 (8) |
0.571 |
48 (9) |
8 (5) |
40 (10) |
0.022 |
| Obstructive plaque |
292 (13) |
171 (11) |
121 (15) |
0.007 |
145 (26)* |
44 (25) |
101 (26) |
0.835 |
| Obstructive CMP |
244 (11) |
140 (9) |
104 (13) |
0.005 |
122 (22)* |
39 (22) |
83 (22) |
0.912 |
| Obstructive NCP |
48 (2) |
31 (2) |
17 (2) |
0.876 |
23 (4)† |
5 (3) |
18 (5) |
0.366 |
| CACS ≥ 100 | 264 (12) | 155 (10) | 109 (14) | 0.013 | 129 (23)* | 41 (23) | 88 (23) | 0.946 |
Data are expressed as n (%) or mean ± SD. CACS, coronary artery calcium score; CAD, coronary artery disease; CMP, calcified or mixed plaque; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBS, fasting blood sugar; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MetS, metabolic syndrome; NCP, non-calcified plaque; SBP, systolic blood pressure. *P <0.001 vs. no diabetes. †P <0.05 vs. no diabetes.